03123ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260724110115.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260724t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010751 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .A44 2025 r Bc. Nuraleeya Farena Binti Abdullah, , , author. Characterization of pineapple peel extract incorporating liquid SOAP with citric ACID and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties / Nuraleeya Farena Binti Abdullah Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 xi, 38 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Pineapple peels, which are often discarded as waste, contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties, offering significant potential for eco-friendly household cleaning products. Therefore, this study aimed to extract and characterize pineapple peel compounds, evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and formulate a natural liquid soap with citric acid to enhance cleaning efficacy. The methodology began with drying and grinding pineapple peels. This was followed by extracting bioactive compounds with water and characterizing them using FTIR and chemical properties tests which are total phenolic content (TPC) and saponin test. The results revealed the presence of functional groups in pineapple peel extract, as identified by FTIR at 3330.81 cm⁻¹ (hydroxyl group), 2123.37 cm⁻¹ (alkyne group), and 1638.13 cm⁻¹ (carbonyl group). TPC was determined to be 9.22 × 10⁻⁵ GAE per gram of dry extract, while the saponin test yielded positive results, indicating its potential for foam formation. Additionally, the formulated soap exhibited weak antioxidant activity, as evidenced by minimal discoloration during the methylene blue test. Furthermore, by using agar disk diffusion techniques, the soap demonstrated enhanced antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus when citric acid was incorporated, with inhibition zones of 1.2 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. Lastly, the soap’s pH was optimized to 8.975, making it suitable for household cleaning. In conclusion, this study highlights the feasibility of repurposing pineapple waste into sustainable cleaning products, thereby addressing waste reduction and promoting eco-friendly practices. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47658 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-07-24 0 FTKKP .A44 2025 r Bc. T000004345 2026-07-24 11:05:05 2026-07-24 PSM 105293 105299