03651ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260727101813.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260727t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010763 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .U45 2025 r Bc. Umie Umaira, , , author. The influence of stirring position on the product properties of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystal / Umie Umaira Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 xii, 32 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceutical) with Hons.) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used drug for the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain; however, its poor solubility and polymorphic behavior limit its therapeutic effectiveness. One promising strategy to enhance its solubility and stability is through co-crystallization with saccharin (SAC). This study investigates the impact of stirrer position on the crystallization and quality of CBZ-SAC co-crystals using a batch cooling crystallization method. The stirrer height was varied at 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm from the bottom of the crystallizer to evaluate its effect on nucleation, crystal morphology, and overall co-crystal formation. The synthesized co-crystals were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and particle size analysis to determine their structural integrity and thermal stability. The results revealed that stirrer position significantly influenced crystal formation and quality. A stirrer height of 10 mm resulted in irregular crystal morphology due to inadequate mixing and localized supersaturation, while a height of 30 mm caused excessive turbulence, leading to fragmented and mechanically stressed crystals. The optimal stirrer height was found to be 20 mm, producing uniform, well-defined crystals with enhanced thermal and structural stability. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of strong hydrogen bonding interactions between CBZ and SAC, while XRD validated the crystalline nature of the co-crystals. Additionally, DSC analysis demonstrated improved thermal stability, reinforcing the pharmaceutical viability of the optimized co-crystals. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing stirring conditions in pharmaceutical crystallization to enhance drug solubility, stability, and overall performance. The results provide valuable insights into improving the co-crystallization process for pharmaceutical applications. Further research is recommended to explore additional process parameters such as solvent selection, cooling rates, and stirring speeds, as well as to evaluate the scalability of this approach for industrial applications. By refining crystallization techniques, this study contributes to the development of more effective and reliable drug formulations. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47705 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-07-27 0 FTKKP .U45 2025 r Bc. T000004357 2026-07-27 10:18:50 2026-07-27 PSM 105305 105311