02736ntm a2200313 i 4500003000800000005001700008006001800025007000300043008004100046020003300087040002700120100005100147245009500198264003600293264001200329300003500341336002100376337002500397338002300422347002400445500005900469502011200528504003800640520155400678610007402232650004502306650002602351856004502377MY-KuUP20260728111938.0t|||||r|||| 000 0ta260728t20242024my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d  aTHE0010774 (Local)qHardback  aUMPSAbengcUMPSAerda0 aHaemaleka A/P R Neelan,		 						 	,	,eauthor.10aCharacterization of cellulose nanocrystal modiefied with saponin /cHaemaleka A/P R Neelan 1aKuantan, Pahang :bUMPSA,c2025 4c© 2025  av, 21 pages :billustrations ;  2rdacontentatext  2rdamediaaunmediated  2rdacarrieravolume  2rdaatext filebPDF  aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology  aFinal Year Report (Diploma of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025  aInclude bibliographical reference3 aCellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) are known for their impressive mechanical properties and making them valuable in various applications. The objective of this research is to synthesize CNC with hydrophobic properties that is suitable to be associated with hydrophobic polymer. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from EFB cellulose through hydrolysis. Cellulose (2 g) was mixed with 100 mL of water overnight, then 48.97 mL of sulfuric acid was added. The mixture was heated at 45°C for 2 hours. Centrifugation removed the solids, and dialysis with reverse osmosis water eliminated free acid. Ultrasonication (20 Hz, 20%) was performed before freeze-drying. For modification, 1 g of CNCs was mixed with water, ultrasonicated (8 Hz), and combined with 0.1 g saponin at 50°C with stirring. The CNC-saponin was freeze-dried. Characterization included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a water angle test for hydrophobicity. From the morphology analysis, the average diameter for cellulose was 81 ± 10 nm reduced to 69 ± 14 nm for CNC. Then, after modifying the CNC with saponin the average diameter was slightly increased, which was 74 ± 19 nm. Based on chemical composition, the hydroxyl group (-OH) was removed after modifying CNC with saponin. The water angle for CNC-saponin was 106⁰ which shows that CNC-saponin was hydrophobic. Thus, the isolated CNC from EFB becomes hydrophobic after modified it with saponin, thus it can be associated with hydrophobic polymer.20aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering TechnologyxDissertations 0aUniversities and collegesxDissertations 0aThesesxDissertations  uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47813