03579ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260729182526.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260729t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010896 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .E75 2025 r Bc. Erik Einstein Jos, , , , author. Comparative study on the impact of various additive concentrations on water-based mud (wbm) properties / Erik Einstein Jos Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 viii, 43 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Technology Mechanical Engineering (Petroleum) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Saponins, environmentally friendly surfactants, present a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical additives in drilling fluids. This study investigates the impact of commercial and extracted saponin with nanoparticles on water-based mud (WBM) performance, as well as the comparison of commercial saponin to extracted saponin as a natural additive. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of commercial saponin with and without addition of nanoparticle towards in enhancing the rheological performance of WBM. 3 types of nanoparticles, which are aluminium oxide, nickel (III) oxide, and tin oxide were used for the screening by using API Filter Press for 30 min under 90 psi. Aluminium oxide exhibited the lowest fluid loss (28.1 mL) and the thinnest mud cake (5/32 inch) compared to the other nanoparticles. Therefore, Aluminium Oxide was selected for further application in the WBM performance test. WBM was prepared using high shear mixing of ingredients according to API standards. A 400 mL mud volume was formed by mixing for 20 min, with saponins and nanoparticles gradually added every 5 min. Several mud tests were conducted including mud weight, viscosity, gel strength, fluid loss, interfacial tension (IFT) and surface tension (SFT). The results from the mud tests show that the combination of 0.35g of extracted saponin and 0.40g Nano Aluminium Oxide with WBM give out the best result which increased WBM rheological performance, particularly by lowering fluid loss and increasing shale stability. The findings demonstrate saponin's capacity to reduce interfacial tension and increase wellbore stability, making it an environmentally acceptable alternative to chemical additives. In conclusion, saponins, both commercial and extracted, showed the capacity to improve the surfactant characteristics of WBM especially when combine with Nano Aluminium Oxide. While both commercial and extracted saponins proved effective, extracted saponins were chosen as the more environmentally friendly option due to their natural origin and biodegradability Further research is needed to investigate large-scale applications of extracted saponins and evaluate the environmental impact of nanoparticles. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47865 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-07-29 0 FTKKP .E75 2025 r Bc. T000004405 2026-07-29 18:27:10 2026-07-29 PSM 105351 105357