Khairul Syafiqah Binti Jamaluddin creator author. text my 2025 2025 monographic eng xi, 48 pages : illustrations ; This study investigates the optimization and evaluation of photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) using Cu/FNS catalysts synthesized from palm oil fuel ash (POFA), an abundant agricultural waste. The research focuses on developing a sustainable and cost-effective approach to addressing the issue of dye-laden industrial wastewater. The Cu/FNS catalyst leverages the high surface area and stability of fibrous nano-silica (FNS) and the enhanced photocatalytic activity of copper nanoparticles. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize key parameters, including pH, catalyst dosage, and MB concentration. The optimal conditions for achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 94.98% were determined to be pH 6, a catalyst dosage of 3 g/L, and an MB concentration of 36.322 mg/L. Furthermore, a reusability study was conducted to evaluate the catalyst’s stability, revealing that the Cu/FNS catalyst retained 69.69% of its initial efficiency after four consecutive cycles. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using Cu/FNS catalysts as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for industrial wastewater treatment. This study highlights the importance of integrating waste valorization and innovative catalyst design to achieve sustainable solutions for global environmental challenges. specialized Khairul Syafiqah Binti Jamaluddin Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations THE0010933 (Local) https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47755 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47755 UMPSA 260810 20260810115339.0 eng