02699ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260810124748.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260810t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010935 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .A28 2025 r Bc. Nur Ain Natasha Binti Mohd Said, author. Hydrophobic modification of cellulose nanocrystal / Nur Ain Natasha Binti Mohd Said Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 xi, 40 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a widely available agricultural waste that presents a sustainable source of cellulose for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNCs, which are highly crystalline nanoparticles with exceptional mechanical properties, biodegradability, and high surface area, have shown promise for a variety of applications, including nanocomposites, coatings, and filtration systems. However, their hydrophilic nature limits their performance in water-sensitive environments. To address this limitation, hydrophobic modification of CNCs is necessary to enhance their functionality, particularly in applications requiring water resistance. This study focused on the hydrophobic modification of CNCs derived from EFB using a 32% w/t sulfuric acid solution at 50°C, with the added goal of retaining lignin content during the process. Lignin, a natural polymer in plant biomass, is important for maintaining the stability and mechanical properties of CNCs. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the water contact angle of the CNCs, indicating enhanced hydrophobicity, while preserving the lignin structure. This research not only provides insights into CNC modification techniques but also highlights the potential of palm oil EFB as a sustainable feedstock for producing modified CNCs with enhanced properties for diverse industrial and environmental applications. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47758 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-08-10 0 FTKKP .A28 2025 r Bc. T000004373 2026-08-10 12:48:00 2026-08-10 PSM 105432 105438