Liew, Yu Cheng, <br/><br/>
Investigation of drying time and properties characterization of carrageenan-based hard capsule / 
Liew Yu Cheng 
 - xi, 47 pages :  illustrations ; 
<br/><br/> Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 
<br/><br/>Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 
<br/><br/>Include bibliographical reference 
<br/><br/> This study investigates the effects of process parameters, specifically drying temperature and time, and the properties characterization for carrageenan-based hard capsules as an alternative for gelatin capsules. Limited research has focused on the effects of these parameters on the performance of carrageenan-based hard capsules. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the impact of drying temperature and time on the mechanical and physical properties of carrageenan-based hard capsules. The objectives of this study are to compare the drying temperatures and times with a constant fan speed, and to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of biocomposite film and capsules. The analysis includes a thermogravimetric approach for moisture content, a rotational viscometer for viscosity, a scanning electron microscope for surface morphology, and a CT3 Texture Analyzer for tensile strength and capsule loop strength. The results showed that the optimal drying conditions with a drying temperature of 60°C for 60 minutes with a fan speed of 50% achieved the highest tensile strength (46.96 MPa), elongation at break (44.71%), capsule loop strength (60.88 N), and a low moisture content (26.55%). Moisture content was identified as a critical factor that affects the mechanical properties of hard capsules and films. These findings provide critical insights about the drying parameter affecting the performance and potential of carrageenan-based hard capsules as a sustainable alternative. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>THE0010940 (Local) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology--Dissertations
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Universities and colleges--Dissertations<br/>Theses--Dissertations