Liew, Yu Cheng creator author. text my 2025 2025 monographic eng xi, 47 pages : illustrations ; This study investigates the effects of process parameters, specifically drying temperature and time, and the properties characterization for carrageenan-based hard capsules as an alternative for gelatin capsules. Limited research has focused on the effects of these parameters on the performance of carrageenan-based hard capsules. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the impact of drying temperature and time on the mechanical and physical properties of carrageenan-based hard capsules. The objectives of this study are to compare the drying temperatures and times with a constant fan speed, and to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of biocomposite film and capsules. The analysis includes a thermogravimetric approach for moisture content, a rotational viscometer for viscosity, a scanning electron microscope for surface morphology, and a CT3 Texture Analyzer for tensile strength and capsule loop strength. The results showed that the optimal drying conditions with a drying temperature of 60°C for 60 minutes with a fan speed of 50% achieved the highest tensile strength (46.96 MPa), elongation at break (44.71%), capsule loop strength (60.88 N), and a low moisture content (26.55%). Moisture content was identified as a critical factor that affects the mechanical properties of hard capsules and films. These findings provide critical insights about the drying parameter affecting the performance and potential of carrageenan-based hard capsules as a sustainable alternative. specialized Liew Yu Cheng Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations THE0010940 (Local) https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47765 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47765 UMPSA 260810 20260810154832.0 eng