02574ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260811112619.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260811t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010946 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .H93 2025 r Bc. Hamizah Binti Mohamed Ali, author. Screening of parameters involved in oxalic ACID pre-treatment of palm kernel cake using response surface methodology / Hamizah Binti Mohamed Ali Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 vii, 52 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Poultry production increases gradually as poultry meat offers a low-cost source of protein. With Malaysia's increasing reliance on imported feed ingredients and the rising demand for broiler meat, optimizing local resources like PKC is critical for reducing production costs and improving sustainability in the poultry industry. The study employs response surface methodology (RSM) using Minitab software to systematically analyse the impact of varying concentrations of oxalic acid (1% to 3% w/v) and reaction times (20 to 60 minutes) on the sugar and protein yields from PKC. The findings reveal that optimal conditions can significantly increase sugar release while reducing anti-nutritional factors, thereby enhancing the digestibility and overall nutritional profile of PKC. This research highlights the potential of oxalic acid pretreatment as a viable method to improve PKC's suitability as a cost-effective alternative to conventional feed ingredients, ultimately contributing to more sustainable poultry production practices in Malaysia. The results suggest further exploration into combined pretreatment strategies and field trials to validate the practical applications of pretreated PKC in commercial poultry diets. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47772 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-08-11 0 FTKKP .H93 2025 r Bc. T000004383 2026-08-11 11:26:49 2026-08-11 PSM 105446 105452