03496ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260811124736.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260811t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010948 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .K435 2025 r Bc. Siti Norkhalida Erna Binti Muhamad Zainon, author. Synthesis of titanium-based catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of phenol : effect of catalyst dosage / Siti Norkhalida Erna Binti Muhamad Zainon Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 vii, 52 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference TiO₂/CdS/TA photocatalysts were rarely studied for phenol degradation in water, including the effects of catalyst dosage on photocatalytic performance, leaving the full potential of this system unable to be utilized. The catalyst was synthesized and was characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD and FESEM techniques to determine surface area, structural, morphological and functional groups. From BET analysis, a TYPE II isotherm with a Type H2 hysteresis loop was observed, indicating the presence of mesoporous structure with ink-bottle-shaped pores, allowing for efficient light penetration and molecular transport. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the catalyst, which play an important role in the generation of photogenerated reactive oxygen species. XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline phases which is anatase and rutile in TiO₂, along with the incorporation of CdS, generating a heterojunction structure to enhance charge separation and visible light absorption. FESEM showed high content of particles in the nanoscale range with a rough surface morphology which led to an increased surface area and active sites. To evaluate the photocatalytic performance, the degradation of phenol was studied by varying the catalyst dosages (0.5 g/L to 2.0 g/L). These results indicated that the highest degradation efficiency of about 58.61% after 180 minutes could be obtained with the optimal dosage (1.5 g/L). The reaction degree was limited in low dosage with fewer active sites, whereas in high dosage with agglomeration, light shielding and poor light penetration. The implications of these results suggest the necessity for optimizing catalyst dosage through modulation of active site availability and light exercise. This research highlights the applicability of TiO₂/CdS/TA photocatalysts in environmental remediation, especially for the treatment of phenolic wastewater. This research provides a foundation for the future research and implementation of highly efficient photocatalytic systems in the fields of wastewater treatment and green environmental development technologies. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47774 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-08-11 0 FTKKP .K435 2025 r Bc. T000004384 2026-08-11 12:22:53 2026-08-11 PSM 105449 105455