02617ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260811151914.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260811t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010950 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .A956 2025 r Bc. Muhammad Azinuddin Bin Mat Zait, author. Food waste torrefaction with nitric acid pre-treatment : the effect of residence time / Muhammad Azinuddin Bin Mat Zait Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 xvi, 35 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference This study investigates the torrefaction of Food Waste (FW) with nitric acid pre-treatment to overcome the problem within biomass solid biofuel, which has high ash content. In Malaysia, there is a significant composition of FW, and it causes environmental impact to surrounding odor and pollution. Thus, this study experiments with a suitable method to reduce the environmental impact while generating energy. This research aims to optimize biofuel production by assessing the effect of varying residence time during nitric acid pre-treatment. The FW was collected around cafeterias at Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA. The pre-treatment was conducted using FW sample leaching in 7 v/v% solution for 120 minutes. The experiment was repeated at different residence times (30, 60, and 90 minutes). The torrefaction process was conducted at 275°C for 30 minutes, after which key parameters such as High Heating Value (HHV), Proximate Analysis (PA), mass loss, energy yield, and mass yield were evaluated. In addition, the FW consists predominantly of bones and may affect the ash content value. The result shows that nitric acid pre-treatment significantly reduces ash content in the leaching process for both conditions and increases the calorific value of the sample. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47783 lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-08-11 0 FTKKP .A956 2025 r Bc. T000004386 2026-08-11 15:22:49 2026-08-11 RESTRICT 105452 105458