02523ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260811162038.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260811t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010951 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .A57 2025 r Bc. Muhammad Aiman Syahmi Bin Nor Farizal, author. Food waste torrefaction with nitric ACID pre-treatment: the effect of nitric acids concentration / Muhammad Aiman Syahmi Bin Nor Farizal Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 xvi, 46 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Food waste, a major component of municipal solid trash, poses environmental concerns due to its high moisture and ash content. This study focusses into the effects of nitric acid pre-treatment on food waste torrefaction with the objective to increase its potential as a solid biofuel. Torrefaction increases the fuel quality of biomass, although excessive ash concentration is still an issue. Nitric acid pre-treatment was used at three different concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7% v/v) to assess its effect on ash reduction and other physicochemical parameters. The study examined factors such as proximate analysis, high heating value (HHV), mass yield, and energy yield of torrefied food waste. The results showed that higher concentration of nitric acid successfully reduced ash content, increased carbon content, and improved energy density. The combination of acid pretreatment and torrefaction produced a biofuel with a higher calorific value and greater sustainability potential which at 7% of nitric acid concentration, the HHV was 27.49 MJ/kg. These findings demonstrate the potential of pre-treated food waste as a renewable energy source, helping to achieve waste management and environmental objectives. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2026-08-11 0 FTKKP .A57 2025 r Bc. 2026-08-11 15:38:16 2026-08-11 RESTRICT 105453 105459