02922ntm a2200349 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20260811162003.0 t|||||r|||| 000 0 ta 260811t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010952 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .H34 2025 r Bc. Ahmad Hafiy Bin Ahmad Rafikin, author. Food waste torrefaction with sulfuric acid pre-treatment : the effect of acid concentration Ahmad Hafiy Bin Ahmad Rafikin Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2025 © 2025 xi, 51 pages : illustrations ; rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Final Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons) ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 Include bibliographical reference Considering Malaysia's increasing food waste and limited landfill capacity, converting food waste into solid fuel is one of the methods used to produce new solid fuel instead of using charcoal. This study investigated the torrefaction of food waste following sulfuric acid pre-treatment to improve solid fuel generation, addressing the critical issue of increasing food waste and its environmental implications. Also, a sustainable option that aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 which is Responsible Consumption and Production. This study aims to reduce the ash content in torrefied food waste and enhance its energy quality by altering sulfuric acid concentrations during pre-treatment. Food waste collected from university cafeterias was subjected to acid pre-treatment at concentrations of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, thereafter undergoing torrefaction at 275°C for 30 minutes. The impact of varying acid concentrations on proximate analysis, higher heating value (HHV), and mass and energy output was assessed to identify the ideal conditions for solid fuel synthesis. The findings show among the tested concentrations, 7% sulfuric acid achieved the best results, with a maximum HHV of 23.70 MJ/kg and an energy yield of 108.45%, effectively balancing hydrolysis and energy preservation. The findings validate this method as a sustainable approach for bioenergy production aligned with SDG 12. Future research should focus on optimizing torrefaction parameters and conducting ultimate analyses of elemental composition to improve classification, predictive modelling, and the overall efficiency of food waste valorisation. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations lcc PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 20000 20000 2026-08-11 0 FTKKP .H34 2025 r Bc. T000004388 2026-08-11 16:20:17 2026-08-11 RESTRICT 105455 105461