03142ntm a2200337 i 4500 MY-KuUP 20261008114351.0 t||||fr|||| 000 0 ta 261008t20262026my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d THE0010837 (Local) Hardback UMPSA eng UMPSA rda FTKKP .A98 2026 r Thesis Nor Azura Che Mahmud, author. Development of polyethersulfone/cellulose nanocrystal/multi-walled carbon nanotubes membrane for humic acid removal / Nor Azura Che Mahmud Kuantan, Pahang : UMPSA, 2026 © 2026 xvi, 145 pages : illustration ; 30 cm.+ 1 CD-ROM rdacontent text rdamedia unmediated rdacarrier volume rda text file PDF Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah - 2026 Include bibliographical reference Humic acid (HA) is a naturally occuring organic constituent that can promote the complexation, mobility, and transformation of metal ions and other contaminants in aquatic systems, potentially increasing human health risks. Accordingly, effective reduction of HA in treated water is essential to safeguard water quality and public health. Nanocomposite membranes are effective for HA removal, yet most studies have been limited to single nanofiller systems. This work reports the first polyethersulfone (PES) membrane incorporating dual nanofillers, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to synergistically enhance HA removal performance. Flat sheet PES membranes were first synthesized to evaluate the effects of individual and combined nanoparticles. The best flat sheet membrane composition was found to be 17 wt.% PES, 0.3 wt.% CNC, and 0.03 wt.% MWCNT. This formulation produced a hydrophilic surface with a contact angle of 60.14° and 58.98% of porosity. It achieved a water flux of 17.81 LMH, the highest HA removal efficiency of 93.05%, and an FRR of 92.09%. Developing on the flat sheet membrane formulation, hollow fiber (HF) membranes were fabricated under various parameters, including air gap length, dope extrusion rate (DER), and water coagulation bath (WCB) temperature. These HF membranes were tested under different pH conditions and HA concentrations to assess their removal capability. The best-performing HF membrane, prepared with an air gap of 9 cm, a DER of 20 mL/min, and a WCB temperature of 30°C, delivered a water flux of 18.88 LMH, an HA rejection rate of 97.3%, and an FRR of 98.98%. In conclusion, the performance of this newly formulated nanocomposite membrane is comparable to existing membrane technologies and demonstrates strong potential for translation into industrial-scale water treatment applications. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses Dissertations lcc THESIS 0 0 lcc 0 6 REF 10000 10000 2026-10-08 0 FTKKP .A98 2026 r Thesis T000005672 2026-10-08 11:41:30 1 2026-10-08 THESIS 0 0 lcc 0 6 REF 10000 10000 2026-10-08 0 CD14075 T000005673 2026-10-08 11:41:55 1 2026-10-08 ACCOM 105700 105706