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    <subfield code="a">Optimization of extraction parameters of total phenolic compound from Cosmos caudatus /</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">The  wide  ranges  of  extraction  parameters  used  being  identified  from  previous studies  derives  the  need  to  find  the  best  conditions  to  yield  optimum  extraction  of total phenolic compounds from Cosmos caudatus.  The objective of this research is to determine the  optimum  extraction  parameters,  namely  ultrasonic  frequency  (from  30  to 70  kHz), sample-to-solvent ratio (from 2 to 10 w/v %) and extraction time (from 30 to 300 minutes) of  total  phenolic  compound  from  Cosmos  caudatus.  The  experimental  design  was  first generated  from  Response  Surface  Methodology  by  using  Design  Expert  7.1.6  with  three independent  variables,  namely  ultrasonic  frequency,  sample-to-solvent  ratio  (SSR)  and extraction  time.  Results  showed  that  the  optimization  of  extracting  total  phenolic compounds  (TPC)  from  Cosmos  caudatus  can  be  accomplished  by  employing  ultrasonic frequency  of  70  kHz,  2g  dry  sample/100mL  ethanol  and  extraction  time  of  300  minutes with  yield  of  7.7395  mg  GAE/g  dw  which  is  in  close  agreement  with  the  predicted  value (7.5359 mg GAE/g dw). Analysis of  variance showed significant ultrasonic  frequency and sample-to-solvent  ratio,  but  insignificant  extraction  time.  This  might  be  partly  due  to phenolic oxidation during the extraction itself. Since previous and present studies suggests that the extraction of total phenolic compounds can be further optimized, upcoming studies need to be directed at varying the significant extraction parameters including the extraction temperature, types of solvent used and extraction methods.</subfield>
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