02347nam a2200277 a 4500 vtls000075938 KUKTEM 20251114204553.0 131108t2013 my da f m 000 0 eng d THE0004820(Local) 201905151548 smfh 201311131655 nabilah 201311081409 nabilah UMP TP684.P3 L54 2013 rs Bc. Liew, Futt How Production of biodiesel from palm oil through heterogeneous catalysis using calcined eggshell / Liew Futt How Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2013 xiii, 75 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2013 Bibliography : p. 63-66 In recent years, shortage of fossil fuel, increasing price of crude oil and environmental issues have led to the scientific and research study in alternative fuel. Biodiesel is one of the alternate biofuels, due to its comparable fuel properties and cleaner emission to environment. In this study, transesterification of refined palm oil with methanol catalyzed by heterogeneous catalyst, calcined eggshell was studied and the suitable kinetic model was identified. Calcined eggshell was prepared by washing the fresh eggshell with boiling water and followed by calcinations of fresh eggshell at 900 0C. The calcined eggshells were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD),Physisorption analysis (B.E.T.) method, andFourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Through the analysis, the calcined eggshell was found that identical to the commercial Calcium Oxide. Transesterification was studied at different parameter such as temperature (450C- 650C), agitation intensity (200 rpm-500 rpm), catalyst weight percent (1.5%-6%), and methanol to oil weight ratio (12:1-6:1). The highest yield is 72.03% of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). The kinetic data was fit to the kinetic model developed using first order model. It is found that the calcined eggshell is a potential catalyst which is comparable to other commercial catalyst. Palm oil Refining Transesterification Catalysis Eggshells 0 0 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 TP684.P3 L54 2013 rs Bc. 0000074701 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 PSM 0 0 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 CD 7050 | TP684.P3 L54 2013 rs Bc. 0000074702 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 PSM VIRTUA40 4296 4302 VTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2600*3000*5020*5040*5200*6500*6501*6502*6503*9992