04457ntm a2200373 i 4500 vtls000103160 KUKTEM 20251117113351.0 180326s2018 my da f am 000 0 eng d THE0001022(Local) 201905241100 nazirah 201803260920 saini UMP eng UMP rda FKKSA .S93 2018 r Thesis Syafiqah Amira Khairuddin, author. Synthesis and characterization of zeolites from palm oil fuel ash (POFA) by ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal approach / Syafiqah Amira Khairuddin Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2018 © 2018 xv, 131 pages : illustrations (some color), charts ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM text rdacontent text rdacontent unmediated rdamedia computer rdamedia volume rdacarrier computer disc rdacarrier text file PDF rda Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2018 Includes bibliographical references Palm oil fuel ash (POFA), is a type of waste from palm oil mill. Its components are almost similar as those of fly ash and agro-wastes such as rice husk ash, and sugarcane bagasse ash, which is, silica and alumina. The presence of both compounds has led to the synthesis of zeolite, which is a highly useful material. Abundance of POFA in palm oil mill, lack of its application and lead to serious environmental problem became concern to minimize POFA. This research concentrated on the investigation of the synthesis of zeolites from POFA by using ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal method. The present study was conducted in various conditions using several KOH: POFA ratios (1:1- 5:1), ultrasound water bath temperatures (40-80 °C), ultrasound exposure times (30-150 minutes), ultrasound power levels (400-800 W) and KOH concentration levels (1-5 M). Commonly, hydrothermal and fusion techniques have been widely used in the production of zeolite. However, these techniques would require high energy consumption, making them less economical and time-consuming because zeolite production may take several days. The effect of the five parameters were investigated on the synthesized zeolites in order to achieve best conditions for pollution-free and environmenal friendly synthesis during and after the experimental process. Characterization of raw POFA and synthesized zeolites were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This was followed by the optimisation study of zeolites in combination with half factorial design and central composite design. Results showed that the optimum conditions for zeolite synthesis from POFA were KOH: POFA ratio of 2:1, ultrasonic water bath temperature at 80 °C, ultrasonic exposure time of 150 minutes and KOH concentration level at 1 M which eventually produced zeolites with high silica per alumina ratio (10.60) that fulfilled zeolite standard range of silica per alumina (2-10). Based on the optimum conditions, XRD results indicated the phases of zeolite synthesized matched those of zeolites A, P and X. FTIR spectra detected the presence of functional groups that were common for zeolites. Silica per alumina ratio for the optimum conditions which is 10.60, indicated the hydrophobic adsorbent property of the synthesized zeolite. As shown by SEM, the surface was comparable to that of zeolites A, P and X. It has been evident from past studies that zeolite A, P and X have been commonly used as adsorbent. Thus, it can be said that the present study has successfully achieved the optimum synthesis condition that would be able to produce high silica per alumina zeolite with adsorbent property. To improve the quality of zeolites, separation of crude zeolites as well as development of other methods and process parameters should be given consideration. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Dissertations Universities and colleges Disertations Theses 0 0 lcc 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 FKKSA .S93 2018 r Thesis 0000122630 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 THESIS 0 0 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 CD 11252 | FKKSA .S93 2018 r Thesis 0000122631 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 PSM VIRTUA40 7462 7468 VTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2640*2641*3000*3360*3361*3370*3371*3380*3381*3470*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992