03033ntm a2200373 i 4500 vtls000102813 KUKTEM 20251117113356.0 180119s2017 my a f am 000 0 eng d THE0000870(Local) 201905271623 nazirah 201802201208 saini 201801191029 saini UMP eng UMP rda FKKSA .E86 2017 r Bc. E, Soon Shen, author. Formulation and characterization of water-in-diesel emulsion as environmental friendly fuel / E Soon Shen Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2017 © 2017 xiii, 81 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM text rdacontent text rdacontent unmediated rdamedia computer rdamedia volume rdacarrier computer dics rdacarrier text file PDF rda Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Project Paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2017 Includes bibliographical references Water-in-diesel emulsion (W/D) fuel is an alternative fuel which can be employed in existing diesel engine without any further modification. Apart from retaining the high fuel to power efficiency of diesel engine, W/D fuel is also capable of reducing the amount of hazardous air pollutants in the exhaust emission and usage of diesel fuel. This paper aims to formulate and characterize W/D as environmental friendly fuel with low economic cost and high stability. 36 emulsion fuel samples with different water concentration ranging from 10 to 25%, surfactant concentration of 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5%, and also varying types of surfactants, namely Span 80, Triton X-100 and polyol based UMP surfactant (NS-16-2). The samples are then undergone gravitational stability test for 1 week duration and rheological characterization using Brookfield rheometer. Triton X-100 was ineffective to produce stable W/D emulsion, whereas Span 80 could be used to produce 10:90 W/D emulsion with 1.5% of surfactant concentration. NS-16-2 was found to be the most optimum surfactant whereby 25:75 W/D emulsion could be formulated using surfactant concentration of 2.5% and managed to remain stable for 1 week duration. The W/D emulsion were tested to exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior, with its viscosity decreased with shear rate, indicating that it behaved as shear-thinning fluid (pseudo-plastic behavior). The viscosity of emulsions were temperature dependent over the temperature range of 30-70°C as they tended to decrease significantly under temperature. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Dissertations Universities and Colleges Dissertations Theses 0 0 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 FKKSA .E86 2017 r Bc. 0000122198 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 PSM 0 0 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 CD 11179 | FKKSA .E86 2017 r Bc. 0000122199 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 PSM VIRTUA40 7584 7590 VTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2640*2641*3000*3360*3361*3370*3371*3380*3381*3470*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992