03172ntm a2200373 i 4500 vtls000102926 KUKTEM 20251117113358.0 180205s2017 my a f am 000 0 eng d THE0000987(Local) 201905241631 nazirah 201802201118 saini 201802051240 saini 201802051238 saini 201802051153 saini UMP eng UMP rda FKKSA .N8793 2017 r Bc. Nurwadiah Azizan, author. Synthesis of sorbitol fatty acid ester through esterification of sorbitol with azelaic acid catalysed by germanium (IV) oxide / Nurwadiah Azizan Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2017 © 2017 xiii, 75 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM text rdacontent text rdacontent unmediated rdamedia computer rdamedia volume rdacarrier computer disc rdacarrier text file PDF rda Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Project Paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2017 Includes bibliographical references Conventionally, polyurethane (PU) is derived from polyester polyol from non-renewable resource which is petroleum feedstock. As an alternative for the current resource, bio-based polyester polyol is introduced. In this study, bio-based reactants which are sorbitol and azelaic acid will be used to produce bio-based polyester polyol. Both of the reactants are derived from renewable resources. Sorbitol, C6H14O6 is a type of polyol with six hydroxyl group which derived from fruits, corn and seaweed, while azelaic acid, C9H16O4 is a dicarboxylic acid and it is found in rye, wheat and barley. Germanium (IV) oxide is a type of heterogeneous acid catalyst and it is chosen because to eliminate the use of homogeneous acid catalyst which is difficult in term of separation for reuse propose. This study is focusing on the identification of best operating condition for reaction. The operating parameters include reaction temperature, molar ratio and catalyst loading. The reaction temperature is in range of 160˚C to 220˚C. The molar ratio of sorbitol and azelaic acid are varied from 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. The catalyst loading is in range of 1 vol % of azelaic acid to 4 vol % of azelaic acid. The best operating conditions for this study are reaction temperature of 200˚C, molar ratio of 4:1 (SB:AA) and catalyst loading of 3 vol % of azelaic acid. The samples were analysed using gas chromatography (GC) with split injector, flame ionization detector fitted with a glass CP-TAP CB column. From GC analysis, presence of isosorbide was detected which derived from anhydrization of sorbitol. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Dissertations Universities and Colleges Dissertations Theses 0 0 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 FKKSA .N8793 2017 r Bc. 0000122218 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 PSM 0 0 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 CD 11189 | FKKSA .N8793 2017 r Bc. 0000122219 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 PSM VIRTUA40 7656 7662 VTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2640*2641*3000*3360*3361*3370*3371*3380*3381*3470*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992