03624ntm a2200277 a 4500 vtls000101507 KUKTEM 20251117113359.0 171003t2017 my a f am 000 0 eng d THE0000927(Local) 201905241646 nazirah 201710031239 nazri UMP FKKSA .K36 2017 r Thesis Kamaliah Abdul Samad Synergistic ferulic acid production from banana stem waste by co-culture / Kamaliah Binti Abdul Samad Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2017 xvii, 202 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy (Chemical Engineering)) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2017 Bibliography : p. 145-169 Ferulic acid (FA) production using microbes has currently become extensive owing to its antioxidant properties. Both fungi and bacteria have been used in producing ferulic acid from agricultural waste. However, less work has been done on bacteria compared to fungi. Therefore, an appropriate bacterial co-culture fermentation technique using banana stem waste (BSW) as substrate was implemented to improve FA production. Soil microbes were isolated and preliminary study was performed to select the best bacterial strain. Subsequently, 26 type of bacterial co-cultures were formed and evaluated their ability dependent on FA production. Optimization of the FA production was conducted by employing response surface methodology using the selected co-culture as inoculum. A kinetic study was carried out to determine kinetic constants using Michaelis-Menten equation. Meanwhile, the enzyme assay was performed to investigate the mechanism release of FA by enzymatic hydrolysis. Ferulic acid production was accomplished through submerged fermentation and the sample was analyzed by HPLC to quantify the FA content. The result found that 5 out of 46 isolated bacterial strains were efficient in releasing FA from BSW. However, the highest production of FA was observed in co-culture A (Bacillus cereus CCM 2010, Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 and Bacillus thuringiensis Bt407), followed by co-culture B (Bacillus cereus CCM 2010, and Bacillus thuringiensis Bt407). In improving the fermentation process, screening by fractional factorial design was performed and the result obtained presented four factors including pH, rotation rate, type of co-culture, and volume of inoculum have significant effects on FA production. Furthermore, rotation rate at 150 rpm and volume of inoculum of 5 % were found to be optimum in increasing FA yield up to 510.24 mg/kg within 24 h using bacterial co-culture B as an inoculum. Meanwhile, the kinetic constant of 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥, 𝐾𝑚 and 𝐾𝑠 were reported as 0.0003 g L-1 h-1, 1.636 g L-1 and 0.0095 h-1, respectively using Runge-Kutta Forth method. Besides, the maximum activity of ferulic acid esterase (0.046 mU/mL) was detected in the stationary phase of co-culture growth. The result proved that the enzymatic hydrolysis was taking place to break down the cell wall of BSW in releasing FA. The finding of this study suggests that co-culture could induce the synergistic work in improving the FA production from banana stem waste during the fermentation process. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Dissertations Universities and Colleges Dissertations Theses 0 0 lcc 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 FKKSA .K36 2017 r Thesis 0000119725 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 THESIS 0 0 lcc 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 CD 10828 | FKKSA .K36 2017 r Thesis 0000119726 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 THESIS VIRTUA40 7695 7701 VTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2600*3000*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992