03356ntm a2200361 i 4500 vtls000105304 KUKTEM 20251117113405.0 180926t20182018my a f a m 001 0 eng d THE0000823(Local) 201905271210 nazirah 201809261140 fateeha UMP eng UMP rda FKKSA .A35 2018 r Thesis Noor Adilah Md Salehan, author. An integrated ultrasonic-assisted enzymes as a single extraction unit for gallic acid from labisia pumila (kacip fatimah) / Noor Adilah Md Salehan Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2018 © 2018 xiv, 104 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM text rdacontent unmediated rdamedia computer rdamedia volume rdacarrier computer disc rdacarrier text file PDF rda Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Thesis (Master of Engineering (Chemical)) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2018 Includes bibliographical references Labisia pumila (locally known as Kacip fatimah) extract contains phenolic compounds such as gallic acid that have multiple biological effects. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is widely reported for the extraction of medicinal plants and herbs due to its economical and green technology. Therefore, this study applied UAE with unified enzymatic extraction (EnE) to enhance the extraction yield of gallic acid from Labisia pumila. The influence of five parameters on the extraction of gallic acid from Labisia pumila were investigated: extraction time (1–8 h), sample-to-solvent ratio (1:6, 1:8, 1:10, and 1:12 wt/wt), temperature (40, 50, 60, and 80 °C), sonication (10%, 20%, and 40% duty cycle), and cellulase concentration (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g/L). The power intensity of 8.66 W/cm2 was implemented using an ultrasonic processor Q700 (700 watts, 20 kHz). The results showed that the gallic acid yield was the highest at 50 °C with 1:10 sample-to-solvent ratio for aqueous extraction (AE) with 1.0251 ± 0.0569 mg/g of gallic acid extracted. Whereas, both ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and enzymatic extraction (EnE) techniques gave the highest yield at 40% duty cycle and 0.05 g/L cellulase concentration with 1.8425 ± 0.1191 mg/g and 1.28565 ± 0.1760 mg/g gallic acid extracted, respectively. The result of the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UEnE) indicated an increased trend when the extraction time was increased from 1 to 7 h. However, beyond 7 h the yield declined indicating that the degradation of gallic acid may have initiated. The highest gallic acid amount obtained from UAEnE was 2.9287 ± 0.4060 mg/g after 7 h of extraction with 2.91-fold increment compared with the AE result. Thus, the integrated single unit ultrasonic-assisted enzyme extraction successfully improved the gallic acid extraction from Labisia pumila. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Dissertations Universities and colleges Disertations Theses 0 0 lcc 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 FKKSA .A35 2018 r Thesis 0000125020 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 THESIS 0 0 lcc 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 CD 11598 | FKKSA .A35 2018 r Thesis 0000125021 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 THESIS VIRTUA40 7849 7855 VTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2640*2641*3000*3360*3370*3371*3380*3381*3470*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992