04403ntm a2200373 i 4500 vtls000105333 KUKTEM 20251117113411.0 180928t20182018my da f a m 001 0 eng d THE0000916(Local) 201905271541 nazirah 201809280941 fateeha UMP eng UMP rda FKKSA .I45 2018 r Thesis Imla Syafiqah Mohd Salleh, author. Removal of mercury (II) ion from industrial wastewater using palm oil fuel ash / Imla Syafiqah Mohd Salleh Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2018 © 2018 xv, 122 pages : illustrations (some color), charts ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM text rdacontent text rdacontent unmediated rdamedia computer rdamedia volume rdacarrier computer disc rdacarrier text file PDF rda Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2018 Includes bibliographical references Activated palm oil fuel ashes (POFA) were used as the adsorbents for the removal of mercury (II) ion from industrial wastewater. From the preliminary experimental results, it shows that the POFA had good adsorption capability for mercury (II) ion. The adsorption process of mercury (II) ion using POFA not only contributes to the mercury adsorption from industrial wastewater but also removes the environmental pollution caused by accumulation and abundance of waste in nature. Therefore, POFA was introduced as a raw material in this study to maximize the utilization of oil palm waste. POFA was activated using chemical activation and sulphuric acid used as a solvent before proceeding with mercury (II) ion adsorption process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis had been applied to observe the effect of the POFA structure before and after activation. The screening study was analyzed using fractional factorial design (FFD). In factorial analysis study, the best mercury (II) ion removal condition removed 98.03 ± 0.06 % when performed at 100 rpm of agitation speed, pH 2, 5 mg/L of initial mercury (II) ion concentration, 0.25 g of adsorbent dosages and 4 h of contact time. From this screening study, two factors which are contact time and agitation speed were selected for further analysis in optimization part. The optimization of mercury (II) ion removal efficiency was done by using central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM). In central composite design (CCD), the optimum condition for mercury (II) ion removal was obtained at 150 rpm for 5 h which removed 98.93 ± 0.02 % of mercury (II) ion. The equilibrium data at various concentrations were analysed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models. From this present study, the values of correlation coefficient (R2) obtained from the Freundlich isotherm was 0.9899. A kinetic study was carried out with pseudo first order and pseudo second order reaction equations. It was found that the mercury (II) ion uptake process followed the pseudo second order rate expression. Thermodynamic parameters of the Gibbs free energy (Δ𝐺°), enthalpy (Δ𝐻°), and entropy (Δ𝑆°) were also determined. The negative Gibbs free energy change (-764.32 kJ/mol) and the positive enthalpy change (75531.86 kJ/mol) indicated that adsorption was spontaneous process and endothermic nature. It was found that activated POFA was a good adsorbent for mercury (II) ion removal with 91.18 % mercury removal from industrial wastewater. This result was comparable to other researcher in the range from 90 to 95 % mercury (II) ion removal. Overall, POFA has the potential to be used as an adsorbent for the removal of mercury (II) ion from industrial wastewater due to its high performance and availability at low cost. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Dissertations Universities and colleges Disertations Theses 0 0 lcc 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 FKKSA .I45 2018 r Thesis 0000125090 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 THESIS 0 0 lcc 0 1 10000 10000 2019-09-04 0 CD 11633 | FKKSA .I45 2018 r Thesis 0000125091 2019-09-04 00:00:00 1 2019-09-04 THESIS VIRTUA40 7999 8005 VTLSSORT0080*0200*0400*0900*1000*2450*2640*2641*3000*3360*3361*3370*3371*3380*3381*3470*5000*5020*5040*5200*6100*6500*6501*9992