02995ntm a2200229 a 4500001001400000003000700014005001700021008004100038020002200079040000800101100002100109245011600130260003400246300005700280500005600337502008800393504002800481520212900509610007102638650004502709650001102754vtls000094200KUKTEM20251117113435.0160330t2014    my a   f      000 0 eng d  aTHE0007974(Local)  aUMP0 aRubaiyi Mat Zaid1 aReduction of graphene oxide by β-carotene for fabrication of supercapacitor electrode/cRubaiyi Binti Mat Zaid  aKuantan, Pahang :bUMP,c2014  axvi, 89 p. :bill. (some col.) ;c30 cm. +e1 CD-ROM  aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering  aThesis (Master of Engineering (Bio-process)) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2014  aBibliography : p. 76-853 aGraphene is a 2-dimensional (2D) material which has great research interest in recent years due to its wide variety of applications. The production of graphene by chemically reduced graphene oxide method which is the most versatile method for bulk scale production was investigated in this study. β-carotene was chosen as a potential non-hazardous reductant to reduce graphene oxide (GO) to graphene. The reduction optimization by β-carotene showed short reduction time of 16 hours with minimal concentration of β-carotene used which is 10 mM in 1% v/v ethanol. The reduced GO by β-carotene (CRGO) was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction technique, field emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectrometry. All results were comparable with the reduced GO by hydrazine (HRGO). To test the electrochemical behavior of CRGO and HRGO produced as supercapacitor, a three-electrode system of supecapacitor was set up with 1M Na2SO4 as the electrolyte. Both electrode of the CRGO and HRGO were then compared and tested with cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis at 100 mV/s scan rate. The capacitance obtained for CRGO for CV analysis is 20 F/g lower compared to HRGO capacitance which gives the value of 121 F/g. For the charge discharge (CD) analysis at 2.5 A/g, the CRGO capacitane value is 72 F/g with only 16.2% lower than the HRGO capacitance value. Further electrochemical analysis on the CRGO was carried out in 1M Na2SO4 and 1M NaNO3 at various scan rates for CV analysis and at various current densities for CD analysis. The highest capacitance obtained for CV analysis was 163 F/g at scan rate 5 mV/s and for CD analysis the highest value obtain was 146 F/g at 1 A/g in 1M Na2SO4. Both analyses give the highest value at lowest scan rate and current density. The result obtained shows that quality of CRGO produced is comparable to HRGO produced. Therefore, the CRGO produced in this study has huge potential for bulk scale production and also high commercial value for production as supercapacitor electrode.20aFaculty of Chemical & Natural Resources EngineeringxDissertations 0aUniversities and CollegesxDissertations 0aTheses