02992ntm a2200373 i 4500 0 0 lcc 0 0 REF 10000 10000 2019-10-08 0 FKASA .H53 2019 r Bc. T000000267 2019-10-08 00:00:00 2025-11-25 PSM 0 0 lcc 0 0 10000 10000 2019-10-08 0 CD 12304 T000000268 2020-08-13 00:00:00 2019-10-08 PSM 90816 90822 MY-KuUP 20251125105359.0 t||||fr|||| 000 0 ta 191008t20192019my a|||f |||| 000 0 eng d THE0008101(Local) hardback UMP eng UMP rda FKASA .H53 2019 r Bc. Noor Hidayah Mohd Haza, author. Leaching characteristic of red gypsum under column and oedometric conditions / Noor Hidayah Mohd Hazari Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2019 © 2019 xiii, 68 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM text rdacontent text rdacontent unmediated rdamedia computer rdamedia volume rdacarrier computer disc rdacarrier rda text file PDF Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources Project Paper (Bachelors of Civil Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2019 Includes bibliographical references Red gypsum (RG) is a by-product produced during the extraction of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from ilmenite ores. Unregulated and rampant disposal activity of RG might be an issued due to waste gypsum arising from chemical industry or power plant annually without being utilize. The leachability of heavy metals of this waste will be leach into the soil groundwater. The main objective of this study is to determine the leaching characteristics of RG under Column and Oedometric conditions and comparing the concentration of elements with Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), Total Threshold Limit Concentration (TTLC) and Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS). The concentrations and types of heavy metals were analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Experimental results demonstrated that only a few of the major elements that are traced from both leaching tests carried out by Column leaching test and Oedometer leaching test such as Mg, Ca, Na, Al and K. The highest concentration of major element is Mg (129.5 mg/L). In addition, some of heavy metals produced are Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. The highest concentration of these five heavy metals is Zn (0.031 mg/L). However, the value of this concentration still does not exceed the limits provides in TTLC and NDWQS with the value of 5000 mg/L and 3 mg/L respectively. The results recorded element concentration under Column leaching test were higher than Oedometer leaching test. Overall, all element concentrations of RG were found to all relevant consideration standards of TCLP, TTLC and NDWQS as the elements that leach out were found to be less than allowable limits. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources Dissertations Universities and Colleges Dissertations Theses lcc PSM