<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mods xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" version="3.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-1.xsd">
  <titleInfo>
    <title>Utilization of oil palm frond (OPF) as partial fine aggregate replacement in concrete block</title>
  </titleInfo>
  <name type="personal">
    <namePart>Nurnadiatun Nadhrah  Anuar</namePart>
    <role>
      <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
    </role>
    <role>
      <roleTerm type="text">author.</roleTerm>
    </role>
  </name>
  <typeOfResource manuscript="yes">text</typeOfResource>
  <genre authority="marc">abstract or summary</genre>
  <originInfo>
    <place>
      <placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">my</placeTerm>
    </place>
    <dateIssued encoding="marc">2019</dateIssued>
    <copyrightDate encoding="marc">2019</copyrightDate>
    <issuance>monographic</issuance>
  </originInfo>
  <language>
    <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
  </language>
  <physicalDescription>
    <extent>xii, 42 pages : illustrations ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM</extent>
  </physicalDescription>
  <abstract>Within the development of Malaysia, demand of concrete increasing gradually from time to  time  through  continuously  development  of  infrastructure.  The  uses  of  sand  as  fine aggregate in the production of concrete has become excessive. New research has been up by  using  oil  palm  frond  to  replace  sand  in  the  concrete  mixture.  This  research  was conducted  to  investigate  workability  and  strength  of  concrete  with  oil  palm  frond  as partial fine aggregate replacement. The oil palm frond is grind into smaller size suitable to  sand’s  size  as  it  be  used  as  partial  fine  aggregate  replacement.  For  this  research, different percentage which are 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% of oil palm frond was used as partial fine aggregate replacement to produce various type of mixes. All concrete was design to grade C25/30. Then, all samples were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days in the water tank.  Slump  test  was  conducted  to  determine  the  workability  of  fresh  concrete  while compressive strength test and flexural test were conducted to determine the strength of hardened concrete. Results show that, the compressive strength of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%  fine  aggregate  replacement  achieved  the  compressive  strength  of  38.02,  26.34, 24.89 and 19.33 N/mm2, respectively at 28 days. Meanwhile, for flexural strength results show that after the fine aggregate replacement it achieved 35.33, 22.17, 19.71, and 16.81 N/mm2, respectively for replacement of 0%,  2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%. Findings showed that the optimum percentage of fine aggregate replacement was 2.5%. These results show that oil palm frond concrete can be used as fine aggregate replacement in which reduced cost and eco-friendly. At the same time, uses of OPF as partial fine aggregate replacement in concrete  would  reduce  the  high  dependency  on  natural  fine  aggregate  and  offering alternatives to preserve natural sand for the use of future generation.</abstract>
  <targetAudience authority="marctarget">specialized</targetAudience>
  <note type="statement of responsibility">Nurnadiatun Nadhrah  Anuar</note>
  <note>Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources</note>
  <note>Project Paper (Bachelor of Civil Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2019</note>
  <note>Includes bibliographical references</note>
  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <name type="corporate">
      <namePart>Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources</namePart>
    </name>
    <topic>Disertations</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <topic>Universities and colleges</topic>
    <topic>Disertations</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject authority="lcsh">
    <topic>Theses</topic>
  </subject>
  <identifier type="isbn">THE0008300(Local)</identifier>
  <recordInfo>
    <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">UMP</recordContentSource>
    <recordCreationDate encoding="marc">191015</recordCreationDate>
    <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20251125105403.0</recordChangeDate>
    <languageOfCataloging>
      <languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
    </languageOfCataloging>
  </recordInfo>
</mods>
