03976nam a22003377i 4500 0 0 lcc 0 1 REF 10000 10000 REF 2020-02-24 0 FKKSA .T48 2019 r Thesis T000000381 2020-09-30 00:00:00 2020-02-24 THESIS 0 0 lcc 0 1 REF 10000 10000 2020-02-24 0 CD 12360 T000000382 2021-03-11 00:00:00 2020-02-24 THESIS 92084 92090 MY-KuUP 20251125105522.0 a||||fr|||| 001 0 ta 200224t20192019my ||||f ma|| 001 0 eng d THE0008520(Local) UMP eng UMP rda FKKSA .T48 2019 r Thesis Thuraiya Mohammad Thaim, author. Oil palm waste torrefaction for solid fuel production / Thuraiya Mohammad Thaim, Kuantan, Pahang : UMP, 2019 © 2019 xii, 95 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM text rdacontent unmediated rdamedia volume rdacarrier text file PDF rda Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2019 Includes bibliographical references The world is currently facing challenges to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to achieve a sustainable renewable energy supply and this leads to applying biomass waste as one of the renewable energy sources. However, there are setbacks in utilizing the biomass waste directly, such as it is having high moisture content, high ash content and low energy density. This can be overcome through torrefaction, which is a thermal pretreatment technique at temperatures ranging from 200 – 300oC. The aim of this work are to evaluate the torrefaction of OPF and EFB at different temperatures, to analyse qualitatively effect, to evaluate the effect of oxygen concentration and to evaluate the performance of the raw, conventional and oxidative torrefied biomass through gasification. In this study, the oil palm waste especially Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Oil Palm Frond (OPF) were examined, and its properties were characterised based on torrefaction temperatures (200 – 320oC). To evaluate the torrefaction process in the production of solid fuels, and can be divided into three parts, conventional torrefaction, oxidative torrefaction and the performance evaluation through gasification. For the conventional torrefaction only the nitrogen (N2) gas was supplied, while for oxidative torrefaction the N2 gas and oxygen (O2) gas was supplied. For the last part, the gasification temperature was run at 900oC with equivalence ratio of 0.3. The gas products were analysed. The results showed that torrefied biomass has improved physical properties compared to raw biomass, such as lower moisture content, increased in calorific value, and increased in energy density. The results also revealed that the torrefaction temperature has significant effect the solid yield, energy yield and heating value of torrefied biomass. The optimum temperature for OPF and EFB is 280oC from the overall mass yield and HHV. Moreover, little amount of oxygen concentration (3%) is significant to preserve the mass yield and HHV. The mass yield at 280oC showed a decrement between 1.44 – 5.17% compared to the substantial decrement trend at 320 oC when O2 was introduced and increased between 10.29 to 13.63% for OPF. In addition, when tested at different residence times, oxidative torrefaction at 15 minutes was able to produce similar torrefied OPF compared to OPF that was torrefied conventionally at 30 minutes. This indicate the potential for the oxidative torrefaction for pre-treatment method. In the gasification performance test, the result revealed that torrefied biomass showed positive impact in term of production of syngas. This indicates that torrefied biomass can potentially be used as a renewable and alternative feedstock for gasification and combustion application since its physical properties almost similar to coal. Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources Universities and colleges Disertations Theses lcc RESTRICT