04473ntm a2200385 i 4500952014100000952011900141999001700260003000800277005001700285006001900302008004100321020003200362040002300394090002900417100003500446245012500481264003400606264001200640300007200652336002100724336002100745337002500766337002300791338002300814338003000837347002400867500005900891502007000950504004001020520288101060610007403941650004504015650001104060942001604071  00102lcc40718REFa10000b10000cREFd2021-01-28l0oFTKKP .S53 2020 r ThesispT000001347r2022-04-26 00:00:00t1w2021-01-28yTHESIS  00102lcc40718REFa10000b10000d2022-03-03l0oCD12840pT000001348r2023-01-30 00:00:00t1w2022-03-03yTHESIS  c95429d95435MY-KuUP20251125105846.0t||||fr|||| 000 0 220303s2020    my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d  aTHE0009128(Local)qhardback  aUMPbengcUMPerda  aFTKKP .S53 2020 r Thesis1 aSiti Shariah Ghazali,eauthor.10aPhotocatalytic degradation of pome over lanthanum doped calcium oxide derived from cockle shells /cSiti Shariah Ghazali 1aKuantan, Pahang :bUMP,c2020 4c© 2020  axiii, 116 pages :billustrations (some color) ;c30 cm. +e1 CD-ROM  atext2rdacontent  atext2rdacontent  aunmediated2rdamedia  acomputer2rdamedia  avolume2rdacarrier  acomputer disc2rdacarrier  atext filebPDF2rda  aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology  aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2020  aIncludes bibliographical references3 aPalm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is one of the main problems  faces by oil palm industry  in Malaysia due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen  demand  (BOD).  Recently,  photocatalysFis  has  been  used  in  several  studies  to  treat  wastewater  due to its ability to  mineralize  the  organic compounds. However,  the common  photocatalysts used in treating POME such as titanium oxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO)  consist of metals that have limited availability. On the other hand,  cockle shells have been  dumped and left untreated to the environment. As one possible solution to address both  environmental  problems,  this  study  utilized  cockle  shell  as  renewable  feedstock  of  calcium  carbonate  which  was  converted  to  calcium  oxide  (CaO)  that  was  used  as  photocatalyst to treat POME. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the ability  of cockle shell waste to be transformed to CaO to act as photocatalyst in the treatment of  POME  via  photocatalysis  reaction.  Lanthanum  (La)  was  used  in  this  study  to  act  as  dopant to enhance the photocatalytic activity of CaO. The CaO used in this study was  converted from cockle shell wastes through calcination process at 900◦C where later the  sample was denoted as Ca900. Ca900 was doped with 1  wt%, 3  wt% and 5  wt% of La  using wet impregnation method where the doped photocatalyst were denoted as LaCa. Then, the photocatalysts were tested on POME under UV light in batch system by varying  the effect of several operational parameters such as stirring speed, photocatalyst loadings,  La  loadings  and  oxidizing  agent.  All  fresh  and  spent  photocatalysts  powder  were  characterized  using  fourier  transform  infrared  spectroscopy  (FTIR),  X-ray  diffraction  (XRD),  brunauer-emmett-teller  (BET),  scanning  electron  microsopy  (SEM),  energy  dispersion  X-ray  analyser  (EDX),  thermogravimetric  analysis  (TGA),  inductively  coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra.  The  results  obtained  from  this  study  show  that  it  is  achievable  to  produce  CaO  from  cockle  shell  that  can  be  used  in  photocatalytic  degradation  of  POME.  Through  this  research, it was found that 3 wt% of LaCa with 3.0 g/L of photocatalyst loadings at 300  rpm has highest photocatalytic activity with 54% removal compared to others. However,  the removal  efficiency of POME increases  when oxygen as oxidizing agent were used  which is 66% rather than  during limited  oxygen  condition  (54%). The kinetic data  of  POME  degradation  were  fitted  Langmuir-Hinshelwood  kinetic  model  as  first  order  reaction. In conclusion, the findings of this study imply that the contaminants in POME  can be greatly reduced by utilizing La doped CaO which CaO derived from cockle shell  waste.20aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering TechnologyxDissertations 0aUniversities and collegesxDissertations 0aTheses  2lcccTHESIS