04406ntm a2200385 i 4500952014000000952012400140999001700264003000800281005001700289006001900306008004100325020003200366040002300398090002800421100004200449245013800491264003400629264001200663300005700675336002100732336002100753337002500774337002300799338002300822338003000845347002400875500005000899502007100949504004001020520282301060610006503883650004503948650001103993942001604004  00102lcc40718REFa10000b10000cREFd2022-01-13l0oFIST .K37 2021 r ThesispT000001555r2022-06-30 00:00:00t1w2022-01-13yTHESIS  00102lcc40718REFa10000b10000cREFd2022-04-11l0oCD12947pT000001556r2023-01-30 00:00:00t1w2022-04-11yTHESIS  c96375d96381MY-KuUP20251125105950.0t||||fr|||| 000 0 220411s2021    my a|||frm||| 000 0 eng d  aTHE0009201(Local)qhardback  aUMPbengcUMPerda  aFIST .K37 2021 r Thesis1 aKarthick Murugan Palanisamy,eauthor.10aCultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. In palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production /cKarthick Murugan Palanisamy 1aKuantan, Pahang :bUMP,c2021 4c© 2021  axv, 178 pages :billustrations ;c30 cm. +e1 CD-ROM  atext2rdacontent  atext2rdacontent  aunmediated2rdamedia  acomputer2rdamedia  avolume2rdacarrier  acomputer disc2rdacarrier  atext filebPDF2rda  aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology  aThesis (Master of Science ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2021  aIncludes bibliographical references3 aEssential  fatty  acids  providing  health  benefits  and  has  increased  the  consumption  as  dietary supplements. Omega-3 fatty acids, usually derived from fatty fish, are present in  animals, transgenic plants, fungi and many microorganisms, bringing excessive pressure  on global fish stocks. Fortunately, microalgae are the primary which are rich in essential  fatty  acid  and present a  promising source of omega-3  fatty acid. The  cost of nutrient  media becomes an obstacle for cultivation of microalgae in larger industry. In this study,  total  16 indigenous microalgae been identified and  six monoculture  of different species  such as  Amphora  sp.,  Anabaena  sp.,  Chlorella  sp.,  Scenedesmus  sp.,  Spirulina  sp., and  Tetraselmis  sp.,  were  isolated  in  laboratory  environment  by  using  serial  dilution  and  streaking  plate  techniques  from  the  marine  sample  collected  East  costal  region  of  Kuantan, Pahang. These species were tested the growth and survivability in mixture of  5%  (v/v)  POME  +  conventional  medium.  Among  these,  Spirulina  sp.  shown  higher  growth and higher survivability while evaluating and chosen for further experiment. The  growth of Spirulina  sp. was tested by feeding POME as an only medium with different  concentration (10-50% v/v)  to maximize the biomass production. Followed with different  effect of light intensities (1000-4000 lux) and temperature (21-36±2 ℃). The growth rate  of Spirulina sp. was measured by biomass concentration (mg/L) and Chlorophyl content  (µg/mL). The highest biomass production of  Spirulina  sp. was  found in the optimum  conditions of 30% v/v of POME, 3000 lux light intensity and 31±2 ℃ temperature with  highest  biomass  yield  1.54±0.11  g/L  after  18  days  of  cultivation.  The  biomass  of  Spirulina  sp. was separated from the culture medium by centrifugation  at 6000 g and  dried at 70±3 ℃. Dried biomass was treated with hexane and extracted the highest lipid  from Soxhlet extractor (44.9±6.1%) as compared to ultrasound assisted (32.3±6.5%) and  Bligh  and  Dyer  method  (12.3±4.0%).  The  extracted  lipids  were  trans  esterified  using  methanolic KOH (1:1 v/v) for 120 min at 60±2℃ with aim of obtaining fatty acid methyl  ester. Fatty acid methyl ester sample added with internal standard heptadecanoic acid  which  diluted  with  octane  at  15  mg/ml.   1  µL  of  samples  were  analyzed  using  gas  chromatography. Among 13 fatty acids found that, oleic acid (70.16%), palmitoleic acid  (13.07%), linoleic acid (8.62%), and stearic acid (2.11%) and ℽ-linolenic acid (0.43%) as  dominant  fatty  acids.  Spirulina  sp.  lipid  have  great  potential to  be  use  in nutraceutical  and  pharmaceutical product due to its composition of essential fatty acids.20aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and TechnologyxDissertations 0aUniversities and collegesxDissertations 0aTheses  2lcccTHESIS