04705ntm a2200385 i 4500952014100000952012400141999001700265003000800282005001700290006001900307008004100326020003200367040002300399090002900422100003100451245011000482264003500592264001200627300007100639336002100710336002100731337002500752337002300777338002300800338003000823347002400853500005900877502007300936504004001009520312401049610007404173650004504247650001104292942001604303  00102lcc40718REFa10000b10000cREFd2022-04-26l0oFTKKP .S23 2021 r ThesispT000001848r2022-06-29 00:00:00t1w2022-04-26yTHESIS  00102lcc40718REFa10000b10000cREFd2022-04-26l0oCD13090pT000001849r2023-01-30 00:00:00t1w2022-04-26yTHESIS  c97092d97098MY-KuUP20251125110040.0t||||fr|||| 000 0 220426s2021    my a|||frm||| 000 0 eng d  aTHE0009343(Local)qhardback  aUMPbengcUMPerda  aFTKKP .S23 2021 r Thesis1 aSaad Mohsin Abed,eauthor.10aSynthesis and characterization of a corn oil based demulsifier for crude oil emulsion /cSaad Mohsin Abed 1aKuantan, Pahang :bUMP ;c2021 4c© 2021  axvi, 131 pages :billustrations (some color) ;c30 cm. +e1 CD-ROM  atext2rdacontent  atext2rdacontent  aunmediated2rdamedia  acomputer2rdamedia  avolume2rdacarrier  acomputer disc2rdacarrier  atext filebPDF2rda  aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology  aThesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2021  aIncludes bibliographical references3 aWater in oil emulsion occurs at many stages in the production and treatment of crude oil.  The presence of water causes several operational problems like corrosion in equipment  and  pipelines.  It  is  also  an  environmental/health  threat,  can  interfere  with  refining  operations, and generally increases the cost of  oil production. Therefore, for economic,  environmental, and operational reasons, it is essential to separate the water from the oil  before transporting or refining the latter. The most effective method for overcoming this  problem is to demulsify the crude using chemical demulsifiers through the synthesis of a  demulsifier.  Some  gaps  remain  through  this  process,  including  that  chemical  demulsifiers,  though  effective,  are  mostly  petroleum-based  and  refractory  organic  polymers. They often subject the ambient ecosystem to more hazardous risks and use  highly complicated preparation methods, greatly limiting their applications. No study  has  yet been conducted using a new mix design to identify the significant and optimum values  of the variables which affect the synthesis of a demulsifier. The aim of this research was  to  synthesise  a  demulsifier  for  crude  oil  emulsion  using  materials  based  on  natural  products and by applying the design of experiments method. A corn oil–based demulsifier  was  successfully  synthesised  through  the  condensation  reaction  of  corn  oil  with  diethanolamine in the presence of a catalyst applied during separation via a water-in-oil  (W/O) emulsion using response surface methodology (RSM). The significant parameters  of synthesis, identified through design of experiments, included a temperature of 180 °C,  a time of two hours, a 2.5% catalyst, and diethanolamine to corn oil (D/C) 1/3, v/v. The  demulsifier  was  characterised  by  FTIR,  GC-MS,  NMR,  LC-QTOF-MS,  and  IFT  analyses. The surfactant’s separation efficacy was studied using the Sany-glass test. The  results showed that the new product efficiently demulsified the W/O emulsion, with 98%  separation achieved. The influence of the settling time, demulsifier dosage, temperature,  and pH on the demulsification efficiency were investigated. The separation efficiency  increased  with  increases  in  the  settling  time,  demulsifier  dose,  and  pH,  while  the  temperature conditions accelerated the demulsification process. The interfacial tension  decreased with an increased dosage of the demulsifier, and the central composite design  (CCD)  of  the  response  surface  methodology  (RSM)  was  employed  during  the  optimisation demulsification process.  The optimisation process was performed using four  factors  (water  content,  demulsifier  dosage,  temperature,  and  pH).  The  optimum  conditions for demulsification were achieved at water content 40%, dosage 3500 ppm,  temperature 60 ºC, and pH 8. Finally, the validation of the results showed good agreement  with  the  experimental  data,  while  the  new  demulsifier  demonstrated  excellent  performance and was deemed promising for demulsifying W/O emulsions.20aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering TechnologyxDissertations 0aUniversities and collegesxDissertations 0aTheses  2lcccTHESIS