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    <subfield code="a">Thermophysical and optimization of performance and emission of turbocharged si engine using gasoline, ethanol and fusel oil blends /</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Recently,  the  use  of  renewable  fuels  as  substitute  of  fossil  fuel  in  gasoline  engine  is  increased  significantly. Moreover, the use of fossil fuel for energy conversion produces exhaust gases that lead to air pollution. Ethanol is a well-known source of alternative fuel,  however,  fusel oil  which is  one of the by-products have  also  become one  of the potential  energy resources.  It is waste product after ethanol process.  An objective of the study is to  investigate the engine performance, exhaust emission, combustion quality and combustion  stability in the engine cylinder  using gasoline, ethanol and fusel oil blends.  Then all  data of fuel blends were analyse using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to  optimize  result  for  engine  testing.  The  experiment  was  conducted  on  a  commercial  four-cylinder  turbocharged  gasoline  engine.  The  gasoline  fuel  and  blends  with  ethanol  and  fusel  oil  physicochemical  properties  were  measured. This  includes  density, air-fuel ratio, heating  value and viscosity. The results  show  brake power, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas  temperature reduced dramatically when percentage  of fuel blends increased by 5%, 3.8%  and  4.7%  respectively,  compared  to  gasoline.  The  brake  specific  fuel  consumption  significantly  increases  when  fuel  blends  increased  by  5%  compared  to  gasoline.  Meanwhile, the NOx, HC and CO emission show improvements when used fuel blends by 13%, 3.4% and 11.5% respectively, compared to gasoline. The in-cylinder pressure shows correlation  as  cylinder  temperature,  rate  of  heat  release,  rate  of  pressure  rise  and  mass  fraction burn.  They  were  significantly  reduced  by  3.7%, 2%, 3.7% and  2%  respectively, compared  to gasoline.  Although the  engine stability  showed a significant  increase of the coefficient of variation  by  2.16%,  2.20%, 2.36%, 2.46%, 2.5%, 2.8% for F10, F20, F30,  E10,  E20,  E30  respectively.  Coefficient  of  variation  for  mean  effective  pressure  using  gasoline is 2.03%. While coefficient of variation of fuel blends increase such as E10, E20,  E30  F10,  F20  and  F30  by  2.16%,  2.20%,  2.36%,  2.46%,  2.5%  and  2.8%  respectively.  Optimization using RSM was showed the model was significant at 3000 rpm, 40% engine  throttle and using fusel oil 30%. In addition, the R-squared was close to 1 and desirability  was  0.833%.  As  a  conclusion,  although  fusel  oil  is  considered  a  by-product  of  ethanol  production, it has comparable performance with gasoline and ethanol itself.</subfield>
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