04049nam a2200349 4500 0 0 lcc 0 1 REF 10000 10000 REF 2022-04-27 0 FTKKP .A36 2021 r Thesis T000001828 2022-06-29 00:00:00 1 2022-04-27 THESIS 0 0 lcc 0 1 REF 10000 10000 2022-04-27 0 CD 13080 T000001829 2023-01-30 00:00:00 1 2022-04-27 THESIS 97102 97108 MY-KuUP 20251125110041.0 a|||||r|||| 001 0 ta 220427t20212021my a|||fram|| 001 0 eng d THE0009324(Local) UMP eng UMP rda FTKKP .A36 2021 r Thesis Mohd Akmal Azhar, author. Product development and evaluation of probiotic tablet from locally isolated yeast saccharomycess boulardii for stomach acid tolerance / Mohd Akmal Azhar Kuantan, Pahang : UMP ; 2021 © 2021 xvi, 159 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm. + 1 CD-ROM text rdacontent unmediated rdamedia volume rdacarrier text file PDF rda Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2021 Includes bibliographical references The microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, or fungi that live in the gastrointestinal tract can be referred to as gut microbiota or probiotics. These microbial associates play a significant role in maintaining the diversity and proper functioning of our gut microbiota and human health in many aspects. Probiotic products are orally consumed and commercially available in various forms, such as food products or pharmaceutical dosage forms. However, every product containing live cells should survive in the manufacturing process to achieve a beneficial effect without losing viability via the storage or gastric digestion process. Therefore, the aim of the present work involves the development of probiotic formulation using a simple and less step of the manufacturing process but effectively tolerate to human stomach acid. This work involves isolation and identification of potential probiotic cells from locally kefir drink samples, probiotic tablet formulation, and evaluate the tablet performance for gastric acid tolerance. From the isolation process, nine different yeast species were successfully identified. Saccharomyces boulardii was selected based on the yeast screening process’s most positive result. This selection was made because of its ability to grow at low pH, can grow well in the high concentration of bile salt present in the medium, optimum growth at human body temperature, and can suppress certain pathogenic bacteria. In the lyophilization process, skim milk 10% was selected as a cryoprotectant agent to improve cell survivability up to 40% in the freeze-drying process. In this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design using Design of experiment (DOE) was implemented to evaluate the effect of biopolymers as an excipient, and the best combination obtained with higher microbial viability and lower dissolution time only required 39.01% CMC and 60.99% alginate for the excipient ratio based on the software analysis. These two combinations produce better acidic tolerance for the tablet containing Saccharomyces boulardii strain. Under this formulation, the predicted response values were expected to obtain microbial viability of 95.36% and dissolution time of 1.3 h. In addition, it is found that the formulated probiotic tablet is more stable in terms of viability where the viable cell count reduces only 0.22 log CFU when stored in cold temperatures which are 4.0 °C compared to a reduction of 0.57 log CFU in room temperature which is 25.0 °C over 24 weeks of storage time. This study can lead to the development of commercial production of probiotic yeast tablets with gastrointestinal tolerance because this formulation can be considered as effective, low cost, and less step by comparing with the commercial product in the market. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Dissertations Universities and colleges Dissertations Theses lcc THESIS