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020			_aTHE0009970 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMP _erda
090			_aFTKKP .Q95 2024 r Thesis
100	0		_aMohammed Abdulqawi Ahmed Mohammed, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aUltrasonic assisted solvent extraction for oil recovery from oily sludge / _cMohammed Abdulqawi Ahmed Mohammed
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2024
264		4	_c© 2024
300			_axvi, 138 pages : _billustrations (some color) ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2024
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aOily sludge is a hazardous waste product produced from the exploration, production, transportation and refining process of crude oil. Considering oily sludge containing relatively high amount of oil, oil recovery would be the most desirable approach for its treatment. Solvent extraction is a common method used in extracting oil from oily sludge. The technique depends on various parameters including types of solvent, solvent to sludge ratio, mixing time and temperature. However, with this single chemical treatment, the separation process is less effective. Ultrasound wave fields are utilized in cleaning procedures and aiding chemical reactions to accelerate cleaning and reduce reaction times. Hence, in this study, a hybrid physical-chemical method was proposed for the oily sludge treatment where the solvent extraction was assisted by Ultrasonic irradiation. Five different solvents were evaluated, namely Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), Toluene, Cyclohexane (CHX), Ethyl Acetate (EA), and Dichloromethane (DCM). The parameters of concerned in this study were sludge to solvent ratio, mixing speed, and mixing time. The results showed that MEK was the best solvent in extracting the oil from the sludge with 67.57% yield, followed by toluene (65.69%), CHX (64.71%, EA (63.39%), and DCM (47.79%). Solvent polarity and intermolecular interaction play the key role in the extraction. The amphiphilic nature of MEK stroked the optimal balance of solvency which helped MEK to achieve the highest yield. At the optimum operating conditions, the sample was subjected to ultrasound waves field, with varying power levels of 3, 6, and 9 set on the ultrasonic system. Within 40 minutes of ultrasonication, 92.33% yield of oil was extracted from the oily sludge at power level of 3: an increase of 24.76% from oil yield of solvent extraction technique alone. Ultrasonic cavitation activity gave high impact in releasing trapped oil droplets on the surface and within the pore structure of solids which resulted in the higher oil yield. The high percentage of oil yield from ultrasonicated solvent extraction technique indicated a promising method to be used in treating oily sludge.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS