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008			250515t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010074 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFKOM .A95 2025 r Thesis
100	0		_aSiti Nur Avivah, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aA robust watermark embedding scheme using non-subsampled shearlet transform and lifting wavelet transform for digital images / _cSiti Nur Avivah
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axii, 78 pages : _billustrations ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Computing
502			_aThesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2025
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aDigital images are one of the most widely utilized media due to their capacity to transmit information visually. The rapid advancement of network technologies and social media over recent decades has facilitated the widespread distribution of images via the internet. However, this ease of distribution allows unauthorized users to copy and modify the image, potentially infringing on copyright. Digital image watermarking is a robust method to combat copyright violations of digital content. Watermarking can be performed using either single or multiple watermarks. This study proposes multiple watermarking schemes based on Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST) and Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) using a small block of 4×4. The watermark is embedded specifically in the red and green channels of the host images. NSST-LWT transforms the image channels. Then, the entropy and edge entropy of the LL frequency is calculated to determine the suitable blocks for embedding the watermark based on Human Visual System (HVS). The selected blocks are then decomposed by using DCT. The proposed scheme identifies the optimal embedding locations within the 4×4 DCT coefficient matrix. The selected coefficients at (1,1), (1,2), (2,1), and (2,2) are then transformed using SVD. The singular value in a position of (1,1) is then used to incorporate the watermark bits with a certain rule. The selected DCT coefficients influence the quality and strength of the watermarked image. The experimental results reveal that the suggested scheme has strong imperceptibility and resilience under various manipulation attacks, with average PSNR and SSIM values of 46.88 dB and 0.9981, respectively. Additionally, the robustness performance regarding correlation (NC) values is close to 1.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Computing _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS