000			04106ntm a2200337 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
005			20251223110713.0
006			t||||fr|||| 000 0
007			ta
008			251223t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010171 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKMA .Y86 2025 r Thesis
100	1		_aAhmad Yunus Nasution _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aOptimization of crash box design for crashworthiness of vehicle front-end collision / _cAhmad Yunus Nasution
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA , _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axv, 173 pages : _billustrations ; _c30 cm. + _e1 CD-ROM
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology
502			_aThesis (Doctor of Philosophy) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2025
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references
520	3		_aEfforts to improve the safety capabilities of passenger cars continue to be made. Crash box, as passive safety components in passenger cars, are continuously modified to enhance their ability to provide protection for drivers. This thesis discusses the optimization of crash box designs by combining a frusta-shaped crash box geometric structure with cross-sectional columns as fillers and adding variations of circle holes in the crash box as triggers. The crash box models were developed into nine models: three square models, three hexagon models, and three circle models. These specimens were designed using SolidWorks software. In this research, testing was carried out using two methods: simulation and experimental methods. The simulation method utilized the Finite Element Method (FEM) through Abaqus software, with crash box designs created in SolidWorks featuring various geometric shapes and trigger holes. AA6061-T4 material properties were input into the simulation, and boundary conditions and impact forces were applied to replicate realistic collision scenarios. The simulation results included deformation patterns, maximum forces, and absorbed energy, providing an initial assessment of crash box performance. The experimental method validated the simulation results through compression tests using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Crash box specimens made of AA6061-T4 were subjected to gradual compressive forces until total deformation or structural failure occurred, yielding data on maximum forces, deformation distances, and absorbed energy. The experimental results showed that the highest energy absorption value was obtained from the hexagon crash box model with 1 hole, which provided the highest energy absorption value of 11,954 J. For the simulation test, the highest energy absorption value was found in the hexagon model with 1 hole, with a value of 10,794 J. The results from both the FEM simulations and experimental tests were optimised using ANOVA and Taguchi analysis. The Taguchi analysis results showed that the hexagon crash box design (Factor A), with one trigger hole (Factor B), hole spacing of 50 mm (Factor C), and a hole diameter of 14 mm (Factor D), recorded the highest energy absorption of 11,954 J. The ANOVA analysis concluded that the crash box model (Factor A) plays a significant role in enhancing the crash box performance without neglecting the cross section as the filler of the crash box. This research emphasizes the importance of design optimization in increasing the effectiveness of the crash box as a passive safety component in vehicles. It can be concluded that by combining the variables of the hexagon frusta model, the cross-sectional column filling variables, and the circle hole trigger variables in the crash box, the ability of the crash box to absorb energy during a collision is significantly improved.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS
999			_c103789 _d103795