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008			260420s20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010475 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFIST .A87 2025 r Bc.
100	1		_aNor Asrul Bin Maarof, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aMannose carbonylation with urea or the synthesis of bio-based fuel additive chemicals / _cNor Asrul Bin Maarof
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axi, 95 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aThe synthesis of bio-based chemicals as fuel additives offers a sustainable alternative to reduce reliance on non-renewable resources. This research focuses on the carbonylation of mannose with urea to produce mannose carbonate, a six-membered cyclic organic carbonate with potential applications as a renewable fuel additive. The study employs heterogeneous catalysts, specifically ZrO2/MCM-41 and CeO2/MCM-41, prepared using the wet impregnation method, which enhance reaction efficiency and selectivity. The objectives include investigating the physico-chemical properties of the catalysts, optimizing the reaction parameters, and assessing the feasibility of mannose carbonate as a fuel additive. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using advanced analytical techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, BET, and acido-basic analysis, to evaluate their structural and chemical properties. Reaction products were analysed using FTIR and GC-FID to determine yield and selectivity. Results revealed that the mannose carbonate synthesis process is significantly influenced by catalyst properties, reaction temperature, and duration. The catalysts demonstrated high reusability, with minimal loss in activity after multiple cycles. Mannose carbonate, with its oxygen-rich structure, exhibited superior combustion properties, reducing emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter, thereby enhancing fuel combustion efficiency and cleanliness. The findings provide a foundation for scaling up bio-based fuel additives, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology 502 _aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025 504 _aInclude bibliographical reference _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46098
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c104753 _d104759