000			03027ntm a2200349 i 4500
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008			260424t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010494 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFIST .J34 2025 r Bc.
100	1		_aChan, Jun Jie, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aDirect valorization of cellulose to glycolic ACID through green heteropoly ACID catalyst supported on tin (iv) oxide / _cChan Jun Jie
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axviii, 104 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Applied Science of Industrial Chemistry) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aThis study focuses on the catalytic conversion of cellulose, a renewable and abundant component of lignocellulosic biomass, into glycolic acid, a valuable compound with wide industrial applications. Using phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) supported on tin (IV) oxide (SnO₂) as a heterogeneous catalyst, the research investigates the optimization of glycolic acid synthesis under mild reaction conditions. The study explores the influence of PMA loading on the physicochemical properties of the catalyst and evaluates its catalytic performance in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as an oxidant. Characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, FESEM-EDS, N₂-physisorption and pyridine adsorption reveal the role of PMA in enhancing surface area, acidity, catalytic efficiency and active sites. The optimized process achieves a high glycolic acid yield of approximately 60% with minimized by-products, demonstrating the bifunctional catalytic behavior of PMA for acid hydrolysis and oxidative cleavage. Systematic parameter studies highlight the importance of reaction time, pH, and oxidant concentration in maximizing yield and selectivity. Additionally, the study confirms the reusability and stability of the PMA/SnO₂ catalyst, showcasing its potential for scalable and sustainable industrial applications. Recommendations for future work include exploring alternative cellulose sources, employing advanced characterization techniques, testing other green oxidants, and conducting reproducibility experiments to validate data. This research contributes to the development of efficient and environmentally friendly processes for biomass valorization, aligning with global sustainability goals.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46155
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c104772 _d104778