000			03350ntm a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
005			20260427181440.0
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008			260427t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010507 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .G63 2025 r Bc
100	1		_aGobinath Gunasegaran, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aSynthesis of coffee waste activated carbon for iron removal from leachate wastewater / _cGobinath Gunasegaran
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_ax, 52 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aCoffee waste is the industrial and agricultural residue with high commodity trade value, and it can be used to produce activated carbon because it contains high concentration of organic substances such as carbon and silicon. Heavy metals such as copper and iron exposures have been increased worldwide and as a result, have increased deleterious human health. Therefore, in this project, the development of activated carbon from coffee waste for removing iron was performed to reduce the disposal of coffee waste by transforming it into valuable activated carbon. The synthesis of coffee waste activated carbon was prepared according to chemical and physical activation. Physical activation was activated through the flow of nitrogen gas at 500 °C while chemical activation was activated with zinc chloride as the chemical activating agent. The physicochemical properties of the coffee waste activated carbon were characterized by BET, FTIR, TGA, SEM and AAS analysis. BET analysis showed the chemical CWAC had the highest specified surface area (47.75 m2/g) compared to physical CWAC (29.53 m2/g) and raw coffee waste (11.59 m2/g). FTIR analysis showed both the physical and chemical CWACs had a lot of anion functional groups, mainly O-H, C-H, N-H and S=O, hence ionexchange was able to take place for removing the cations iron. TGA showed both CWACs exhibited high thermal stability which they did not fully decomposed at 900 °C. SEM images show that raw coffee waste had debris (fibers) on the surface because it was not properly cleaned before analysis while chemical CWAC showed higher porosity than physical CWAC. In AAS analysis, both the physical and chemical CWACs show the capability to adsorb the iron ion, however chemical CWAC was more effective due to a higher percent removal. In short, the analysis discovered that chemical activation by using ZnCl2 as a chemical activator led to high-efficiency removal of iron ions. Therefore, chemical activation is the best activation method for the synthesis of activated carbon from coffee waste.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47218
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c104785 _d104791