000			02942ntm a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
005			20260429161937.0
006			t||||fr|||| 000 0
007			ta
008			260429t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010515 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .A85 2025 r Bc.
100	1		_aNoor Atirah Binti Muhammad Muslih, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aTorrefaction and pelletization of palm kernel shell and wood sawdust for renewable energy production / _cNoor Atirah Binti Muhammad Muslih
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axi, 61 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aBiomass, being a renewable resource, is considered carbon neutral as it releases carbon dioxide absorbed during its growth, counteracting the greenhouse effect. Despite its potential, challenges such as high moisture content and low bulk density hinder the costeffective utilization of biomass. This study explores the transformative impact of torrefaction and pelletization on palm oil biomass specifically palm kernel shell (PKS) and wood sawdust (WS), focusing on its economic viability and environmental advantages. Torrefaction, a thermal pre-treatment process, enhances biomass physicochemical characteristics by subjecting it to temperatures between 200 and 300 °C, removing moisture and volatile matter. This results in improved carbon content, higher heating value, grindability, and hydrophobicity of torrefied biomass. However, challenges persist, including lower bulk and energy densities compared to conventional coal, and the potential risk of explosion due to the powdery form of torrefied fuel. To address these challenges, the study proposes the integration of torrefaction with pelletization, focusing on Malaysia’s palm oil wastes, PKS as well as WS. Fuel characteristics are enhanced by the increased oh High Heating Value (HHV) with PKS having the highest value 29.0007 MJ/kg at 275°C and high fixed carbon 46.69 %. Single pellet of PKS after torrefied at 275°C compared to mix pellet PKS and WS. The single pellet of PKS has the highest impact resistance 99.33%. These results suggest that torrefaction and pelletization are effective to produce high-quality biomass pellets from PKS.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47236
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c104794 _d104800