000			03150nam a22003497a 4500
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005			20260608124916.0
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008			260608t20242024my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010555 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .A53 2024 r Bc.
100	0		_aAhmad Anas Bin Ahmad Sabarrudin, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aEffects of pretreatment of palm kernel cake toward crude fibre content for poultry production / _cAhmad Anas Bin Ahmad Sabarrudin
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2024
264		4	_c© 2024
300			_axi, 41 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aPoultry production gradually increases as poultry meat offers a low-cost source of protein. The current issue of lack of grains for chicken feed in Malaysia is a huge concern with numerous economic and social consequences has a profound effect on the need for poultry feed production. However, the cost of poultry feed has always been a significant concern due to the high reliance on imported raw materials. Thus, PKC has been chosen as the alternative for poultry feed production. However, PKC contains high fiber content which is not suitable for the digestive system of poultry. Hence, pre-treatment of PKC is needed. The objective of research is to investigate the impact of autoclave pretreatment, acid pretreatment and alkali pretreatment on palm kernel cake (PKC) in lowering the crude fiber content to enhance its suitability as a feed ingredient for poultry. In autoclave pre-treatment, collected PKC was pre-treated through autoclave for 5 continues cycle for 20 minutes at 120°C, meanwhile, in acid and alkali pre-treatment method, PKC was pre-treated with different concentration of oxalic acid (1%-5% w/v) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (1%-7% H2O2/g fibers), respectively. The main outcomes from the result, the acidic pretreatment with oxalic acid appears to be the most effective strategy for lowering fiber content in Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) with the highest f-value is 206.24 and R2 value is 98.85%. The autoclave pretreatment had a significant impact, as shown by a large f-value is 71.64 and a high R2 value is 96.76%. Alkali pretreatment has a lower f-value is 65.35 and R2 value is 96.32%. All three pretreatments showed corresponding p-value = ( p< 0.05). These results suggest that PKC can be used as substitution of maize and soybean meal in poultry feed to produce a cost-effective poultry feed.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47321
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c104942 _d104948