000			03024nam a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
005			20260611150423.0
006			t||||fr|||| 000 0
007			ta
008			260611t20242024my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010593 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .C48 2024 r Bc.
100	1		_aChua, Kar Wei, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aDevelopment of an improved lipid-based nanofungicide formulation to combat oil palm pathogenic fungi / _cChua Kar Wei
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2024
264		4	_c© 2024
300			_axv, 34 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aPalm oil plays a vital role in the global agricultural industry as a primary source of vegetable oil, and it is one of Malaysia's top export commodities. However, the sustainability of oil palm cultivation is confronted by the presence of pathogenic fungi, particularly Ganoderma spp., responsible for basal stem rot (BSR). As a result, the application of fungicides is deemed essential to ensure global food security, and their use is expected to increase. However, current approaches result in significant waste of fungicides due to suboptimal delivery, uneven distribution, leaching, and runoff from treated areas. In absolute terms, agricultural expansion has resulted in increasing pollutant loads in the environment, especially surface and groundwater. Hence, this study aims to develop an eco-friendly and high-performance hexaconazole-loaded nanoemulsion that enables effective fungicide delivery to target pathogens while minimizing risks to the environment and human health. In this work, a nanoemulsion system, characterized by its stability and small particle size of around 106 nm, was successfully formulated using 4% (w/w) Tween 60 and 4% (w/w) of clove oil loaded with 1% hexaconazole. This composition was further enhanced by incorporating 2% (w/w) each of sucrose ester and glycerol. The formulated hexaconazole-loaded nanoemulsion demonstrated desirable physicochemical characteristics for fungicide application and an exceptional antifungal efficacy against Ganoderma boninense with a 97.1% inhibition percentage at 0.1 μg/mL as compared to control (36.3%). SEM revealed significant fungal hyphae damage from treatment, indicating a powerful, low dose formulated nanofungicide for sustainable oil palm protection.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/46946
942			_2lcc _cTHESIS
999			_c104981 _d104987