000			03151ntm a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
005			20260624150441.0
006			t|||||r|||| 000 0
007			ta
008			260624t20242024my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010631 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .H399 2024 r Bc.
100	0		_aNurhazwani Nabihah Binti Kamarudin, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aCharacterization of different immobilized laccase-bacteria cellulose biocatalyst : _bthe bacteria cellulose morphology and structure determination / _cNurhazwani Nabihah Binti Kamarudin
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2024
264		4	_c© 2024
300			_axvii, 60 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aBacterial cellulose (BC) is an organic material that can be synthesized by bacteria genera such as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, Acetobacter hansenii, and Acetobacter pasteurianus. BC can be used as support material for laccase enzyme immobilization because of the high mechanical strength, high capacity for water absorption, and low composition of impurities. Laccase is mainly found in plants and fungi and has been applied in various industries applications. Laccase has been functioned to catalyze the degradation of varieties substrates such as phenols and aromatic resulting in converting molecular oxygen to water. However, longevity and shell life of laccase enzyme in free form hinders further its potential in the industry. Various studies have been done and verified that the immobilized enzyme is better than the enzyme in free state in terms of performance and longevity. In-situ and ex-situ immobilization modes have been introduced in this research. To enhance the performance of immobilized biocatalysts, it is essential to understand the morphology and structure of BC including the porosity and functional groups presence, hence, to develop more efficient and effective biocatalysts. Two types of fermentation mediums and inoculum mediums were prepared to synthesize BC and in-situ immobilized laccase-BC (I-LBC) where laccase solution was added on the third day of fermentation process. The produced BC was introduced to oxidation process using natrium periodate to oxidize BC (OxBC). The laccase solution was also added to the BC and OxBC to produce ex-situ immobilized laccase-BC (E-LBC) and ex-situ immobilized laccase-OxBC (E-LOxBC). Lastly, all the five BC were analyzed by FESEM, FTIR, BET and XRD analyses. E-LBC is the best biocatalyst due to the highest performance in laccase activity.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_u
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105032 _d105038