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003			MY-KuUP
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008			260624t20242024my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010632 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .S53 2024 r Bc.
100	0		_aNurshahira Hafiza Binti Zakaria, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aEffect of moisture content and inoculum size on nutrient enrichment of fermented pineapple leaves / _b _cNurshahira Hafiza Binti Zakaria
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2024
264		4	_c© 2024
300			_axiii, 28 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aPineapple leaves are a rich source of protein, minerals, vitamin and fibre, but they should not be considered as a complete feed for ruminants due to the potential digestive complications. Many study involved in exploring the use of solid-state fermentation (SSF) derived from Rhizopus oryzae to enhance protein content in pineapple waste. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of moisture content and inoculum size on the nutrient enrichment of fermented pineapple leaves using ‘ragi tape’, a traditional starter culture that contains Rhizopus oryzae, a fungus that can degrade cellulose to produce enzymes. This study can also validate the results by comparing the nutrient content of the fermented pineapple leaves with the raw pineapple leaves. Pineapple leaves can be used as a part of animal feed especially for ruminant due to their high fibre content. The nutritional value of pineapple leaf waste for ruminant feed can be improved using solid-state fermentation (SSF), the effect of two variable which is moisture content and inoculum size on the SSF process was studied. The inoculum size was varied from 1% to 5% (w/w) and the moisture percentage of the substrate was altered from 60% to 80% (w/w). This study involves the collecting and preparing the pineapple leaves waste, preparing the inoculum, adding the waste to the inoculum and analysed the results using uv-vis Spectrometer. The optimal inoculum size for maximizing BSA concentration is 2% (w/w), with a 6-fold increase in total protein concentration after fermentation. Moisture content plays a significant role in protein concentration, with a moisture content of 65% linked to the largest error bar. The optimal inoculum size and moisture content play a crucial role in determining antioxidant concentration during solid-state fermentation. Understanding these factors can improve the efficacy and productivity of using pineapple leaves as a feed alternative, ultimately benefiting the livestock sector.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47097
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105033 _d105039