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020			_aTHE0010659 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .A34 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aAghilan A/L Ganesan, _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aFuel from waste : _belucidation of fuel characteristics from polyethylene and polystyrene pyrolysis escherichia coli on coconut fiber on biotranformations of starch / _cAghilan A/L Ganesan
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2024
264		4	_c© 2024
300			_axv, 49 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2024
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aPlastics have become increasingly popular and are now used in a wide range of applications across the global economy. In this context, pyrolysis emerges as an alternative technology to incineration and landfilling, offering a means to convert plastic waste into energy. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effects of the type of plastics, specifically polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS), and the presence of a catalyst in the pyrolysis process on product yield as well as to elucidate the fuel characteristics of the produced liquid oil via pyrolysis. In order to conduct this research, the catalyst was prepared and formulated, consisting of 10 wt% nickel and 90 wt% calcined oil palm ash. The catalyst Ni/OPA exhibited a surface area of 6.4646 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.0078 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 48.4645 Å. The samples of plastic waste consisting of polyethylene and polystyrene were collected and cut. After the preparation of samples and catalyst, the pyrolysis experiment was conducted at high temperature of 350℃ for 4 hours. After the experiment, the pyrolysis product was examined by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and bomb calorimeter. Without a catalyst, it is found that PS achieved a higher yield (67.70%) compared to PE (3.26%). The catalyst significantly enhanced the yield, with PS increasing to 91.04% and PE to 4.72%. Density analysis showed that PS pyrolysis products (0.82 – 0.83 g/mL) are closer to diesel fuel density, while PE products (1.03 – 1.05 g/mL) exhibited higher densities, indicating heavier hydrocarbons. Higher heating value (HHV) results demonstrated that the catalyst increased energy content for both plastics, with PS averaging 40.15 MJ/kg (peaking at 46.97 MJ/kg) and PE at 37.75 MJ/kg, approaching the HHV of conventional fuels like diesel (43 MJ/kg) and gasoline (42.5 MJ/kg). It can be observed that the presence of functional groups such as aromatics, alkenes, and paraffins, with the catalyst favouring the production of lighter hydrocarbons in the gasoline range (C5 – C9) while reducing heavier fractions (> C20), these results suggest that catalytic pyrolysis serves as a viable pathway for converting plastic waste into fuels. In conclusion, polystyrene yields higher liquid fuel compared to polyethylene and the application of catalyst significantly enhances the breakdown of hydrocarbon chains and results in higher-quality liquid fuel.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105118 _d105124