000			03437ntm a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
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008			260708t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010682 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .H58 2025 r Bc.
100	1		_aHivasheni A/P Sellathurai, , _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aExtraction of refined carrageenan from seaweed / _cHivasheni A/P Sellathurai
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axix, 65 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aSeaweed is an ecofriendly resource rich in valuable components such as polysaccharides. with carrageenan being one of the most significant. This research investigates the extraction and characterization of refined carrageenan from Kappaphycus seaweed using the bead mill method. The motivation for this study arises from the abundance of seaweed resources and the higher market value of refined carrageenan compared to semi-refined carrageenan. Various extraction methods exist, but most are associated with drawbacks, such as high solvent usage and limited scalability. Therefore, this study examines the effect of the extraction process including time, temperature, and the drying duration to obtain optimum refined carrageenan and to characterize physicochemical properties and the efficacy of refined carrageenan using the bead mill method. The process began with seaweed pretreatment, followed by bead mill extraction using a one-factor-at-a-time approach. Extraction temperatures ranged from 30°C to 70°C with a fixed time of 50 minutes and drying durations from 24 to 48 hours. Then, the filtrate underwent filtration and precipitation process and lastly drying. The results revealed that the optimal extraction conditions were 70°C, 80 minutes, and a drying time of 24 hours, producing carrageenan with the highest viscosity (162.2 cP) and purity (64.92%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of kappa carrageenan functional groups, while thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrated improved thermal stability. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed enhanced surface morphology with a particle size of 25.22 μm at a drying time of 48 hours. In conclusion, the bead mill method outperformed conventional methods in quality, efficiency, and sustainability, establishing itself as a viable and eco-friendly approach for industrial refined carrageenan production. However, further investigation of the physicochemical properties of refined carrageenan under varying drying durations is recommended to optimize the extraction process further. Keywords: Carrageenan; Bead mill method; Purity; Physicochemical Properties; Efficiency
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47492
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105145 _d105151