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008			260713t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010710 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .N87 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aPutri Nurin Qistina Binti Norkhairizal, , , _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aCorrelation study on hydrothermal pretreatment for high recovery of pectin oligosaccharides (pos) from banana peel / _cPutri Nurin Qistina Binti Norkhairizal
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axv, 43 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aHarvested banana discards 60% as waste that includes the peels; a primary byproduct of processing banana. Banana peel as lignocellulosic biomass made up of polysaccharide fractions consists of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and pectin. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic as the key step for disintegration fractions components and their subsequent conversion to value added product with high recovery. Typically, hydrothermal pretreatment method is for segregating and altering structures of lignocellulose. The recovery of new goods with added value, pectin oligosaccharides (POS), from poorly disposed banana waste is a viable and profitable alternative method of enhances the industrial waste. Ensuring proper treatment for high recovery of POS, the process parameters that influence in this study are temperature, time and pH. This study aims to experimentally investigate the best correlation effect on operating parameter of pH, substrate ratio, and temperature for hydrothermal pretreatment using Design Expert, in order to obtain high recovery of POS from banana peel. The experiment starts with substrate preparation where the banana peel was dried and ground until fine powder is form. The components of fine powder banana peel are then determine using carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur analyser. Next, utilizing a two-level fractional factorial experimental design facilitated by Design Expert 13 software, 8 randomized runs were conducted with POS as response at temperature range from 120 °C to 135°C, pH value ranges from 3.5 to 6.5, and substrate ratio range from 1:5 to 1:25 (solid: liquid, w/v). Then, the data were used to conduct hydrothermal pretreatment. After that, reducing sugar was determine using 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid method. The study’s revealed an optimal condition at a temperature of 135°C, pH of 3.5, and a substrate ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for maximum reducing sugar concentration of 0.951mg/mL. While, the analysis parameter of temperature and substrate ratio yield high contribution of 37.64% and 29.37%, respectively.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47589
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105179 _d105185