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008			260715t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010748 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .N383 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aNur Natasya Binti Mohd Khaidir, , , _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aDevelopment and characterization of botanical body lotions by using Indian jujube (extract) / _cNur Natasya Binti Mohd Khaidir
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axii, 68 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aThis study explored the development and characterization of botanical body lotions by using indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) extracts focusing on their physicochemical characteristics, heavy metal content, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Indian jujube is a rich source that contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic that known for their antioxidant potential and antibacterial properties. Two formulations were developed using triethanolamine (TEA) and apple cider vinegar (ACV), as pH balancers to assess their impact on the lotions' performance. Physicochemical assessments of the formulations demonstrated their stability, pH compatibility with skin, viscosity, absorption, and homogenous and smoothness properties. Heavy metal analysis conducted by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) confirmed that the lotions contained safe levels of iron and copper, adhering to regulatory standards. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical-scavenging assay where the F2 (ACV) based lotion exhibited superior antioxidant efficacy compared to the F1 (TEA) based lotion. The acidic environment created by the F2 (ACV) enhanced the reactivity and stability of bioactive compounds, leading to higher antioxidant activity. Moreover, antibacterial activity was assessed against the selected bacteria which is Escherichia coli, with the ACV-based lotion demonstrating enhanced antibacterial efficacy compared to the TEA-based formulation. Therefore, both formulations achieved compliance with essential skincare standards, ensuring their suitability for cosmetic applications. The findings highlight the potential of indian jujube as a sustainable, natural ingredient for the development of effective and safer skincare products. The use of apple cider vinegar (ACV) as a pH balancer not only improved antioxidant properties but also offered a natural alternative to the usage of triethanolamine (TEA). The study contributes to the growing demand for sustainable and plant-based, eco-friendly skincare solutions and highlights the importance of optimizing formulation parameters to enhance product efficacy. Future work will involve exploring higher concentrations of indian jujube extract and evaluating their long-term stability and effectiveness in commercial formulation. Keywords: Body lotion, Indian jujube, triethanolamine (TEA) and apple cider vinegar (ACV)
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47649
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105234 _d105240