000			03123ntm a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
005			20260724110115.0
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008			260724t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010751 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .A44 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aNuraleeya Farena Binti Abdullah, , , _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aCharacterization of pineapple peel extract incorporating liquid SOAP with citric ACID and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties / _cNuraleeya Farena Binti Abdullah
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axi, 38 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceuticals) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aPineapple peels, which are often discarded as waste, contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties, offering significant potential for eco-friendly household cleaning products. Therefore, this study aimed to extract and characterize pineapple peel compounds, evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and formulate a natural liquid soap with citric acid to enhance cleaning efficacy. The methodology began with drying and grinding pineapple peels. This was followed by extracting bioactive compounds with water and characterizing them using FTIR and chemical properties tests which are total phenolic content (TPC) and saponin test. The results revealed the presence of functional groups in pineapple peel extract, as identified by FTIR at 3330.81 cm⁻¹ (hydroxyl group), 2123.37 cm⁻¹ (alkyne group), and 1638.13 cm⁻¹ (carbonyl group). TPC was determined to be 9.22 × 10⁻⁵ GAE per gram of dry extract, while the saponin test yielded positive results, indicating its potential for foam formation. Additionally, the formulated soap exhibited weak antioxidant activity, as evidenced by minimal discoloration during the methylene blue test. Furthermore, by using agar disk diffusion techniques, the soap demonstrated enhanced antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus when citric acid was incorporated, with inhibition zones of 1.2 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. Lastly, the soap’s pH was optimized to 8.975, making it suitable for household cleaning. In conclusion, this study highlights the feasibility of repurposing pineapple waste into sustainable cleaning products, thereby addressing waste reduction and promoting eco-friendly practices.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47658
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105293 _d105299