000			03651ntm a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
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008			260727t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010763 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .U45 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aUmie Umaira, , , _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aThe influence of stirring position on the product properties of carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystal / _cUmie Umaira
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_axii, 32 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Technology (Pharmaceutical) with Hons.) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aCarbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used drug for the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain; however, its poor solubility and polymorphic behavior limit its therapeutic effectiveness. One promising strategy to enhance its solubility and stability is through co-crystallization with saccharin (SAC). This study investigates the impact of stirrer position on the crystallization and quality of CBZ-SAC co-crystals using a batch cooling crystallization method. The stirrer height was varied at 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm from the bottom of the crystallizer to evaluate its effect on nucleation, crystal morphology, and overall co-crystal formation. The synthesized co-crystals were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and particle size analysis to determine their structural integrity and thermal stability. The results revealed that stirrer position significantly influenced crystal formation and quality. A stirrer height of 10 mm resulted in irregular crystal morphology due to inadequate mixing and localized supersaturation, while a height of 30 mm caused excessive turbulence, leading to fragmented and mechanically stressed crystals. The optimal stirrer height was found to be 20 mm, producing uniform, well-defined crystals with enhanced thermal and structural stability. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of strong hydrogen bonding interactions between CBZ and SAC, while XRD validated the crystalline nature of the co-crystals. Additionally, DSC analysis demonstrated improved thermal stability, reinforcing the pharmaceutical viability of the optimized co-crystals. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing stirring conditions in pharmaceutical crystallization to enhance drug solubility, stability, and overall performance. The results provide valuable insights into improving the co-crystallization process for pharmaceutical applications. Further research is recommended to explore additional process parameters such as solvent selection, cooling rates, and stirring speeds, as well as to evaluate the scalability of this approach for industrial applications. By refining crystallization techniques, this study contributes to the development of more effective and reliable drug formulations.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47705
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105305 _d105311