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008			260728t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010782 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .Z85 2025 r Dip.
100	0		_aZuliza Azwani Binti Zulkifli Chan, , , _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aEffect of ACID hydrolysis on the nutrient content of pineapple leaves / _cZuliza Azwani Binti Zulkifli Chan
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_av, 16 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Diploma of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aThe acid hydrolysis process of pineapple leaves has been carried out using sulfuric acid to produce nutrient content. Pineapple leaves are abundant agricultural by products rich in lignocellulosic components contain the significant amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin which can break down through acid hydrolysis to release valuable nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of temperature in acid hydrolysis on the nutrient content of pineapple leaves. Acid pretreatment was used on the pineapple leaves at different temperatures in a water bath and autoclave for nutrient analysis. The extraction process consisted of two parts. The first part involved the extraction of total phenolic content, total protein content, reducing sugar, and crude fiber, using ethanol as the extraction solvent. The second part focused on the extraction of lactic acid, where sulfuric acid was used as an extraction medium. These methods were developed to collect initial data on the nutrient composition. The acid pretreatment of pineapple leaves significantly influences the release of nutrients. The crude fiber content decreases due to the degradation of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose which in turn increases the content of reducing sugar and total phenolic content. The reduction of crude fiber occurs due to the partial degradation of complex lignocellulosic structure. However, both lactic acid and total protein content decrease, these nutrients were not effectively produced or extracted from the leaves, which resulted in an increase in crude fiber content. Results showed that the autoclave method was more effective in degrading the lignocellulose structure compared to the water bath method. This study demonstrates the acid pretreatment significantly impact on nutrient content of pineapple leaves, benefiting to improve the environmental sustainability of using pineapple leaves as a resource for various applications.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47837
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105336 _d105342