000			03579ntm a2200349 i 4500
003			MY-KuUP
005			20260729182526.0
006			t|||||r|||| 000 0
007			ta
008			260729t20252025my a|||fr|||| 000 0 eng d
020			_aTHE0010896 (Local) _qHardback
040			_aUMPSA _beng _cUMPSA _erda
090			_aFTKKP .E75 2025 r Bc.
100	0		_aErik Einstein Jos, , , , _eauthor.
245	1	0	_aComparative study on the impact of various additive concentrations on water-based mud (wbm) properties / _cErik Einstein Jos
264		1	_aKuantan, Pahang : _bUMPSA, _c2025
264		4	_c© 2025
300			_aviii, 43 pages : _billustrations ;
336			_2rdacontent _atext
337			_2rdamedia _aunmediated
338			_2rdacarrier _avolume
347			_2rda _atext file _bPDF
500			_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
502			_aFinal Year Report (Bachelor of Technology Mechanical Engineering (Petroleum) with Hons ) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah - 2025
504			_aInclude bibliographical reference
520	3		_aSaponins, environmentally friendly surfactants, present a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical additives in drilling fluids. This study investigates the impact of commercial and extracted saponin with nanoparticles on water-based mud (WBM) performance, as well as the comparison of commercial saponin to extracted saponin as a natural additive. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of commercial saponin with and without addition of nanoparticle towards in enhancing the rheological performance of WBM. 3 types of nanoparticles, which are aluminium oxide, nickel (III) oxide, and tin oxide were used for the screening by using API Filter Press for 30 min under 90 psi. Aluminium oxide exhibited the lowest fluid loss (28.1 mL) and the thinnest mud cake (5/32 inch) compared to the other nanoparticles. Therefore, Aluminium Oxide was selected for further application in the WBM performance test. WBM was prepared using high shear mixing of ingredients according to API standards. A 400 mL mud volume was formed by mixing for 20 min, with saponins and nanoparticles gradually added every 5 min. Several mud tests were conducted including mud weight, viscosity, gel strength, fluid loss, interfacial tension (IFT) and surface tension (SFT). The results from the mud tests show that the combination of 0.35g of extracted saponin and 0.40g Nano Aluminium Oxide with WBM give out the best result which increased WBM rheological performance, particularly by lowering fluid loss and increasing shale stability. The findings demonstrate saponin's capacity to reduce interfacial tension and increase wellbore stability, making it an environmentally acceptable alternative to chemical additives. In conclusion, saponins, both commercial and extracted, showed the capacity to improve the surfactant characteristics of WBM especially when combine with Nano Aluminium Oxide. While both commercial and extracted saponins proved effective, extracted saponins were chosen as the more environmentally friendly option due to their natural origin and biodegradability Further research is needed to investigate large-scale applications of extracted saponins and evaluate the environmental impact of nanoparticles.
610	2	0	_aFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology _xDissertations
650		0	_aUniversities and colleges _xDissertations
650		0	_aTheses _xDissertations
856			_uhttps://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47865
942			_2lcc _cPSM
999			_c105351 _d105357